:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:企業知識資本價值評估
作者:林正立
作者(外文):Cheng-Li Lin
校院名稱:臺灣大學
系所名稱:資訊管理學研究所
指導教授:陳文賢
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:知識資本智慧資本無形資產價值評估模糊積分決策實驗室分析法Knowledge CapitalIntellectual CapitalInvisiable CapitalValue AssessmentFuzzy IntegralDEMATEL
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:36
隨著資訊科技的進步和全球網際網路的普及,企業對於產品品質、服務需求、回應市場時間等,都產生了極大的改變,迫使企業必須不斷尋找更能夠滿足消費者需要的方式來經營。而要達成這些目標,企業就必須比競爭者擁有更優秀的作業流程知識、市場知識、顧客知識和產品服務知識,如此才能形成差異化,進而造成競爭優勢。管理大師彼得杜拉克在1960年就已經預言「知識將取代土地、勞力、資金、機器設備等成為最重要的生產因素。」。雖然目前知識經濟已然成形,許多企業也大量投資在與知識相關的無形資產上,但是這些主要的核心能力,卻無法完全顯示在傳統的財報上。所以本研究嘗試進行評估這些與知識相關的無形資產,一方面可以了解公司真正的整體價值,一方面也可以在衡量過程中知道公司維持績效的關鍵因素,如此才能與公司的經營策略相結合。本研究透過相關的文獻探討,整理出28種與企業知識資本有關的評估方法,並且歸類成四大類,實證中以台灣資訊軟體工具設計業為例,調查時分成專家學者和公司內部員工兩個小組,利用要項選擇法,得出知識資本的衡量構面和衡量準則,然後利用決策實驗室分析法,建構出企業知識資本價值結構模型,最後結合模糊理論和模糊積分法,得出研究個案中企業知識資本之整體模糊積分值,經過比較分析,取得適切的改善策略。同時研究成果也指出人力資本是企業知識資本中最重要的構面,而領導能力又是人力資本中最顯著且最具影響力的衡量準則;另外,企業發展在不同階段,其所需重視的知識資本衡量準則也會有些差異,但是在企業逐漸進入穩定階段,重點應該逐漸轉移至企業本身知識內化的工作,建立知識管理系統、重視IT投入及研發等才能讓企業永續經營,而員工革命情感和員工網狀溝通,不論企業在任何階段都是應該重視的衡量準則。
With the emergence of knowledge-based economies, knowledge capital will become one of the most important competitive weapons and key success factors in enterprises. Although, enterprises invest a great deal of capital in invisible assets that correlate with knowledge, such core competences and profit creators, which represent the value of a company, can not be delivered by traditional accounting methods, such as P&L statements and balance sheets. After reviewing the related literatures, this paper organizes the constructs and collects the relative measurable indices of knowledge capital. The major representative indices are then obtained through the index selection method and simply explanatory cause-effect diagrams are derived from the complicated structural relations and indices by using the DEMATEL method. This research employs Taiwan’s IT software tool designing industry as an empirical study. In this paper, we have collected data from two saperated groups and the results show that human capital is the most important cause factor in the model. With regard to the indices, leadership, knowledge management systems, IT investment, strong bonds between employees, and network communication should also be focused on.
參考文獻
一、中文部份
1.林東清, (2003),《知識管理》,智勝文化出版
2.段德智等譯,Peter A. Angeles 原著,(1999),《哲學辭典》,貓頭鷹出版
3.曾國雄,(2005), 研究方法課程,八個常用的圖,講義1-8頁。
4.陳文賢,(民91),《資訊管理》,台灣東華出版
5.陳文賢、林正立、曾國雄,(2005),『知識資本價值評估多指標結構模型之構建』,第二屆台灣作業研究學會暨2005年作業研究理論與實務學術研討會,台灣作業研究學會主辦。new window
6.劉京偉譯,勤業管理顧問公司原著,(2000),《知識管理的第一本書》,商周出版
7.謝清佳審,Prost, G., Raub, S. & Romhardt, K.原著, (2003),《知識管理》,智勝文化出版
8.李玲玲譯著,Damodaran 原著,(1997),《財務管理》,台灣西書出版社
9.林大容譯著,Edvinsson, L. & Malone, M.S. 原著, (1999),《智慧資本》,麥田出版
10.周博儀, (2000),平衡計分--評企業表現,人力培訓專刊,89年6月號

二、英文部份
Andersen, R. and McLean, R. (2000). “Accounting for the Creation of Value,“ Ongoing Research Project Sponsored by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Andriessen, D. and Tiessen, R. (2000). “Weightless Wealth – Find Your Real Value in a Future of Intangible Assets”, Pearson Education London.
Ahuja, G. (2000). “Collaboration Networks, Structural Holes, and Innovation: a Longitudinal Study,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(3), pp. 425-455.
Alavi, M. and Leidner, D. E. (2001). “Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research issues,” Management Information Systems Quarterly, 25(1), pp. 107-136.
America’s New Deficit (1997). The Shortage of Information Technology Worker, press release, September 29.
Baker, W. (1990). “Market Networks and Corporate Behavior,” American Journal of Sociology, 96(3), pp. 589-625.
Bana e Costa, Carlos A. and Oliveira, R. C. (2002). “Assigning Priorities for Maintenance, Repair and Refurbishment in Managing a Municipal Housing Stock,” European Journal of Operational Research, 138(2), pp. 380-391.
Baran, W. (1980). “Development of Design Methods for Permanent Magnet Circuits, Demonstrated with a Core Magnet Assembly,” Journal of Magnetic Materials, 19(1-3), pp. 326-328.
Bastien, J. M. C., Scapin, D. L. and Leulier, C. (1999). “The Ergonomic Criteria and the ISO/DIS 9241-10 Dialogue Principles: A Pilot Comparison in an Evaluation Task,” Interacting With Computers, 11(3), pp. 299-322.
Beckman, T. (1997). “Implementing the Knowledge Organization in Government”, Paper and Presentation, 10th National Conference on Federal Quality.
Belanche, L. A., Valdes, J. J., Comas, J., Roda, I. R. and Poch, M. (1999). “Towards a Model of Input-Output Behaviour of Wastewater Treatment Plants using Soft Computing Techniques,” Environmental Modelling and Software, 14(5), pp. 409-419.
Benayoun, R., Roy, B. and Sussman, N. (1966). Manual de Reference du Programme Electre, Note de Synthese et Formation, 25, Direction Scientifique SEMA, Paris.
Black, M. (1937). “Vagueness: an Exercise in Logical Analysis,” Philosophy of Science, 4(4), pp. 427-455.
Bontis, N. (1996). “There’s a Price on your Head: Managing Intellectual Capital Strategically,” Business Quarterly, 60(4), pp. 40-47.
Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N. C., Jacobsen, K. and Roos, G. (1999). “The Knowledge Toolbox: A Review of the Tools Available to Measure and Manage Intangible Resources,” European Management Journal, 17(4), pp. 391- 401.
Bontis, N. (2000). “Assessing Knowledge Assets: A Review of the Models Used to Measure Intellectual Capital,” Working paper, Queen’s Management Research Centre for Knowledge-Based Enterprises. Available Online: http://www.business.queensu.ca/kbe
Bourdieu, P. (1986). “The Froms of Capital,” in J.G. Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood.
Bradley, K. (1997). “Intellectual Capital and the New Wealth of Nations,” Business Strategy Review, 8(1), pp. 53-62.
Brans, J. P., Mareshal, B. and Vincke, Ph. (1984). “Promethee: A New Family of Outranking Method in Multicriteria Analysis,” In: J. P. Brans (ed.), Operational Research’84, North-Holland, Amsterdam, (Proceedings of the Tenth IFORS International Conference on Operational Research, Washington, D. C.), pp. 477-490.
Brooking, A. (1996). Intellectual Capital: Core Assets for the Third Millennium Enterprise, Thomson Business Press, London, United Kingdom.
Bucklew, M. and Edvinsson, L. (1992). Intellectual Capital at Skandia, http://www.fpm.com/cases/el3.html
Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural Holes: The Social Structural of Competition, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Burt, R. S. (1997). “The Contingent Value of Social Capital,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(2), pp. 339-365.
Carlsson, S. A., El Sawy, O. A., Eriksson, I. and Raven, A. (1996). “Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Shared Knowledge Creation: in Search of a New Design Theory for Strategic Information Systems,” in Coelho, J.D., Jelassi, T., Konig, W., Krcmar, H., O''callaghan, R., Saaksjarvi, M. (eds), Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Information Systems, Lisbon.
Carolis, D. (2002). “The Role of Social Capital and Organizational Knowledge in Enhancing Entrepreneurial Opportunities in High-Technology Environment,” in Choo, C. W. and Bontis, N. (eds.), The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge, New York: Oxford University Press.
Chau, O. L. and Parkan, C. (1995). “Selection of a Manufacturing Process with Multiple Attributes: A Case Study,” Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 12(3), pp. 219-237.
Chen, Y. and Tzeng, G. (2001). “Using Fuzzy Integral for Evaluating Subjectively Perceived Travel Costs in a Traffic Assignment Model,” European Journal of Operational Research,” 130(3), pp. 653-664.
Chiu, Y. J., Chen, H. C., Shyu, J. Z. and Tzeng, G. H. (2006). “Marketing Strategy Based on Customer Behavior for the LCD-TV,” International Journal and Decision Making, 7(2/3), pp.143-165.
Choquet, G. (1953). “Theory of Capacities,” Annales of the Institute Fourier 5, pp. 131-296.
Coleman, J. (1988). “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital,” American Journal of Sociology, 94(5), pp. 95-120.
Collier, P. and Gregory, A. (1995). “Investment Appraisal in Service Industries: a Field Study Analysis of the U.K. Hotels Sectors,” Management Accounting Research, 6(1), pp. 33-57.
Cooper, D. R. and Emory, C. W. (1995). “Business Research Methods,” 5th Ed., Chicago, IL: Richard D, Irwin, INC.
Davenport, T. H., and Prusak, L. (1998). “Working Knowledge,” Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Deng, J. L. (1982). “The Control Problems of Grey System,” System & Control Letters, 1(5), pp. 288-294.
Dodd, L. J. and Chen, S. (1997). “Economic Valued Added:An Empirical Examination of a New Corporate Performance Measure,” Journal of Managerial, 9(3), pp. 318-333.
Drucker, P. (1993). “Post Capitalist Society,” Harper Business, New York.
Dubois, D. and Prade, H. (1978). “Operations on Fuzzy Numbers,” International Journal of Systems Science, 9(6), pp. 613-626.
Edvinsson, L. and Malone, M.S. (1997). “Intellectual Capital: Realizing your Company’s True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower,” Harper Business, New York.
Edvinsson, L. (2002). http://www.intellectualcapital.se/ic_rating_eng.html
Elliot, R. K. (1992). “The third Wave (Information Age) Breaks on Shores of (Second Wave-Industrial Age) Accounting,” Accounting Horizons, 6(2), pp. 61-85.
Fitz-Enz, J. (1994). “How to Measure Human Resources Management,” 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, December
Fukuyama F. (1995). “Trust: Social virtues and the creation of prosperity,” Hamish Hamilton: London.
Gabus, A. and Fontela, E. (1973). “Perceptions of the World Problematique: Communication Procedure, Communicating With Those Bearing Collective Responsibility (DEMATEL Report No. 1),” Battelle Geneva Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland.
Gladstone, B. (2000). “From Know-How to Knowledge: the Essential Guide to Understanding and Implementing Knowledge Management,” Industrial Society, London, England.
Goodman, R. (1988). “Introduction to Stochastic Models,” Benjamin/ Cummings Publishing Company Inc., California, U.S.A.
Greiff, W. R. (2003). “Soft Computing in Information Retrieval: Techniques and Applications: F. Crestani and G. Pasi (Eds.), Physica-verlag, Heidelberg (2000), ix + 393 pp. ISSN 1434-9922, ISBN 3-7908-1299-4,” Information Processing & Management, 39(2), pp. 329-330
Gulati, R. (1995). “Does Familiarity Breed Trust? The Implications of Repeated Ties for Contractual Choice in Alliance,” Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), pp. 85-112.
Handy, C. (1990). “The Age of Unreason,” Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Harrison, S. and Sullivan, Sr P. H. (2000). “Profiting from Intellectual Capital: Learning from Leading Companies,” Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), pp. 33-46.
Hashiyama, T., Furuhashi, T. and Uchikawa, Y. (1995). “A Study on Varying Degrees of Attention in Multi-Attribute Decision Making Processes,” (in Japanese) Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems, 7(4), pp. 826-838.
Hori, S. and Shimizu, Y. (1999). “Designing Methods of Human Interface for Supervisory Control Systems,” Control Engineering Practice, 7(11), pp. 1413-1419.
Huang, L. C., Chang, P. T. and Lin, H. J. (1997). “The Fuzzy Managerial Talent Assessment model: A Pilot Study,” Pan-Pacific Managerial Review, 1(1), pp. 71-83.
Hwang, C. L. and Lin, M.J. (1981). “Multiple Attribute Decision Making,” Springer-Verlag, New York.
Hwang, C. L., Lai, Y. J. and Liu, T. Y. (1994). “TOPSIS for Multiple Objective Decision Making,” European Journal of Operational Research, 76(3), pp. 486-500.
Ishii, K., and Sugeno, M. (1985). “A Model Human Evaluation Process Using Fuzzy Measure,” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 22(1), pp. 19-38.
Jacobs, J. (1965). “The Death and Life of Great American Cities,” London: Penguin Books.
Johansson. (1996). “Human Resource Costing and Accounting,” Available on line IntangAss/OECDartUlfjoh.htm
Kale, P., Singh, H. and Perlmutter, H. (2000). “Learning and Protection of Proprietary Assets in Strategic Alliances: Building Relational Capital,” Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), pp. 217-237.
Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (1992). “The Balanced Scorecard Measures that Drive Performance,” Harvard Business Review, 70(1), pp. 71-79.
Keeney, R. L. and Raiffa, H. (1976). “Decision with Multiple Objectives: Preference and Value Tradeoffs,” John Wiley & Sons.
Klir, G. J. and Folger, T. A. (1988). “Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty, and Information,” Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Klir, G. J. and Yuan, B. (1995). “Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic,” Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey.
Lee, K. M. and Leekwang, H. (1995). “Identification of λ-Fuzzy Measure by Genetic Algorithm,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 75(3), pp. 301-309.
Leonard-Barton, D. (1995). “Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation,” Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Lesser, E. L. (2000). “Leveraging Social Capital in Organizations,” in Lesser, E. L. (ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications, Oxford: butterworth-heineman press, pp. 3-16.
Lev, B. (2000). “Seeing is Believening - A Better Approach To Estimating Knowledge Capital,” in CFO magazine April. Available on line http://207.87.9.12/html/charts/99FEseei-2.html
Lev B. (2002). “Intangibles: Management, Measurement and Reporting,” Brookings Institution, Washington.
Loury, G. C. (1987). “Why Should We Care About Group Inequality,” Social Psychology and Policy, 5(1), pp. 249-271.
Luthy, D.H. (1998). “Intellectual Capital and Its Measurement,” Available Online: http://www3.bus.osaka-cu.ac.jp/apira98/archives/htmls/25.htm
Malhotra, Y. (2003). “Measuring Knowledge Assets of a Nation: Knowledge Systems for Development,” United Nations Headquarters, New York City, New York, 4 – 5 September. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan011601.pdf
Mark, C., & Arthur, W. D. (2000). “Knowledge Assets,” ISBN: 0-15-607000-6.
Marr, B., S Chiuma, G. (2001). “Managing Knowledge in e-Business: the Knowledge Audit Cycle,” Deloitte & Touche, (Forthcoming)
McPherson P., and Pike S. (2001). “Accounting, Empirical Measurement and Intellectual Capital,” Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2(3), pp. 246. Full text at http://www.emerald-library.com/ft
McQueen, R. (1998). “Four Views of Knowledge and Knowledge Management,” in Proceedings of the Fourth Americas Conference on Information Systems, E. Hoadley and I. Benbasat (eds.), August, pp. 609-611.
Meritum Guidelines. (2002). “Guidelines for Managing and Reporting on Intangibles,” Final Report, Guidelines for Committee Work: http://www.ll-a.fr/intangibles/ec_work.htm; Several of the Members in the Project Have Issued Their Own Reports; i.e. http://www.fek.su.se/home/bic/meritum/ Summary on http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/services/business_services/documents/policy_papers/zambon.pdf
Mouritzen, Bukh & al. (2003). (Danish Guidelines): “Intellectual Capital Statements - The New Guideline,” Ministry of Science and Education Denmark. http://www.videnskabsministeriet.dk/fsk/publ/2003/guideline_uk/html/complete.htm#1_0
Murofushi, T. and Sugeno, M. (1989). “An Interpretation of Fuzzy Measures and the Choquet Integral as an Integral with Respect to a Fuzzy Measure,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 29(2), pp. 201-227.
Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. (1998). “Social Capital, Intellectual Capital and the Organizational Advantage,” The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), pp. 242-266.
Nan, Lin. (2002). “Social capital,” Cambridge.
Nash, H. (1998). “Accounting for the Future, a Disciplined Approach to Value-Added Accounting,” http://home.sprintmail.com/humphreynash/indexback.htm
Nolan, J. R. (1998). “An Expert Fuzzy Classification System for Supporting the Grading of Student Writing Samples,” Expert Systems with Applications, 15(1), pp. 59-68
Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995). “The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation,” Oxford University Press, New York.
OECD. (1996). report on the Knowledge-based Economy.
Adler P. S. and Kwon S. W. (1999). “Social Capital: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly,” In E.L. Lesser (ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications, Boston, MA:Butterworth-Heinemann.
Pawlak, Z. (1982). “Rough sets,” International Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, 11(5), pp. 341-356.
Pawlak, Z. and Slowinski, R. (1994). “Rough Sets Approach to Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis,” European Journal of Operational Research, 72(3), pp. 443-459.
Petrash, G. and Bukowitz, W. (1997). “Visualizing, Measuring and Managing Knowledge,” Research Technology Management, 40(4), pp. 24-31.
Polanyi, M. (1958). “Personal Knowledge,” Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Polanyi, M. (1966). “The Tacit Dimension,” London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Portes, A. (1998). “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology,” in Lesser E. L. (ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications, Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann press, pp. 43-68.
Pulic, A. (2000). “An Accounting Tool for IC Management,” Available online: https://www.inderscience.com/offer.php?id=2891
Putnam, R. D. (1993). “The Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Life,” American Prospect, 4(13), pp. 35-42.
Putnam, R. D. (1995). “Bowling Alone: America''s Declining Social Capital,” Journal of Democracy, 6(1), pp. 65-78.
Quinn, J.B. (1992). “Intelligent Enterprise: A Knowledge and Service Based Paradigm for Industry,” New York Free Press.
Quinn, J.B. (1993). “Managing the Intelligent Enterprise: Knowledge & Service-Based Strategies,” Planning Review, 21(5), pp. 13-16.
Rob van der Spek and Andre Spijkervet. (1997). “Knowledge Management: Dealing Intelligently with Knowledge,” Knowledge Management and Its Integrative Elements, New York: CRC Press, pp. 31-35.
Roos, J., Roos, G., Edvinsson, L. and Dragonetti, N.C. (1997). “Intellectual Capital: Navigating in the New Business Landscape,” New York: Macmillan.
Roos, J. (1998). “Exploring the Concept of Intellectual Capital (IC),” Long Range Planning, 31(1), pp. 150-153.
Roy, B. (1991). “The Outranking Approach and the Foundations of ELECTRE Methods,” Theory and Decision, 31(1), pp. 49-73.
Sandefur, R., & Laumann, E. (1998). “A Paradigm for Social Capital,” Rationality and Society, 10(4), pp. 481
Sandvik, E. (2004). The Method was Developed in a Consulting Process “Forum for Intellektuell Kapital” and is Described on http://www.humankapitalgruppen.no/
Saaty, T. L. (1980). “The Analytic Hierarchy Process,” McGraw-Hill, New York.
Saaty, T. L. (1996). “The Analytic Network Process: Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback,” RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, PA.
Sakawa, M. and Seo, F. (1985). “Fuzzy Multi-attribute Utility Analysis for Collective Choice,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-15(1), pp. 45-53.
Schubert, P., Lincke, D. and Schmid, B. (1998). “A Global Knowledge Medium as a Virtual Community: The Net Academy Concept,” in Proceedings of the Fourth Americas Conference on Information Systems, E. Hoadley and I. Benbasat (eds.), Baltimore, MD, August, pp. 618-620.
Simonin, B. L. (1999). “Ambiguity and the Process of Knowledge Transfer in Strategic Alliances,” Strategic Management Journal, 20(7), pp. 595-623
Smith G. V. and Parr R. L. (2000). “Valuation of Intellectual Property and Intangible Assets,” 3th edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Standfield, K. (1998). “Extending the Intellectual Capital Framework,” Available on line http://www.knowcorp.com/article075.htm
Stewart, T. A. (1994). “Your Company’s Most Valuable Asset: Intellectual Capital,” 130(7), Fortune, pp. 68-73.
Stewart, T.A. (1997). “Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations,” Doubleday/Currency, New York.
Sugeno, M. (1974). “Theory of Fuzzy Integrals and its Applications,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Sullivan, P. (1998). “Profiting from Intellectual Capital, Extracting Value from Innovation,” John Willy & Sons, Inc.
Sullivan, P. (2000). “Value-driven Intellectual Capital, How to Convert Intangible Corporate Assets into Market Value,” Wiley.
Sveiby, K.E. (1997). “The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and Measuring Knowledge Based Assets,” Berrett Koehler, San Francisco, CA, Chapter on Measuring Available on-line: http://www.sveiby.com/articles/MeasureIntangibleAssets.html
Sveiby, K. E. (1998). “Measuring Intangibles and Intellectual Capital — An Emerging First Standard,” http://www.sveiby.com.au/emerging standard.html.6/30 2000
Sveiby, K, E. (2004). “Methods for Measuring Intangible Assets,” Working paper, http://www.sveiby.com/articles/IntangibleMethods.htm
Tobin, J. (1999). An Interesting Letter by Prof. Tobin in 1999 Concerning the High Valuation of the US Stock Market http://www.economics.pomona.edu/GarySmith/tobinsq.html
Tsai, W. and Ghoshal, S. (1998). “Social Capital and Value Creation: The Role of Intra-firm Networks,” Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), pp. 464-476.
Tsai, W. (2000). “Social Capital: Strategic Relatedness and the Formation of Intraorganizational Linkages,” Strategic Management Journal, 21(9), pp. 925–939.
Tzeng, G. H., Chiang, C. H. and Li, C. W. (2007). “Evaluating Intertwined Effects in E-learning Programs: A Novel Hybrid MCDM Model Based on Factor Analysis and DEMATEL,” Expert Systems With Applications, 32(4), pp. 1028-1044.
Tzeng, G. H., Wang, J. C. and Chen, T. Y. (1995). “A Dynamic Weight Assessing Method with Habitual Domain,” TIMS XXXIII International Meeting, June 25-28, Singapore.
Von Neumann, L. and Morgenstem, O. (1947). “Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour,” 2nd edn. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Wang, Z. and Klir, G. J. (1992). “Fuzzy Measure Theory,” Plenum, New York.
Watson, R. T. (1999). “Data Management: Databases and Organizations,” (2nd ed.), John Wiley, New York.
Wiig, K. M. (1993). “Knowledge Management Foundation,” Schema Press.
Williams, M. (2001). “Is a Company’s Intellectual Capital Performance and Intellectual Capital Disclosure Practices Related? Evidence from Publicly Listed Companies from the FTSE 100, 2000,” Paper Presented at McMasters Intellectual Capital Conference, Jan. Toronto.
Yli-Renko H., Autio, E. and Sapienza, H. (2001). “Social Capital: Knowledge Acquisition and Knowledge Exploitation in Young Technology-based Firm,” Strategic Management Journal, 22(6-7), pp. 587–613.
Yu, P. L. (1980). “Behavior Bases and Habitual Domains of Human Decision /Behavior--Concepts and Applications,” Multiple Criteria Decision-Making, Theory and Applications, Edited by G. Fandel and T. Gal, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 511-539.
Zack, M. (1999). “An Architecture for Managing Codified Knowledge,” Sloan Management Review, 40(4), pp. 45-58.
Zadeh, L. A. (1965). “Fuzzy Sets” Information and Control, 8(3), pp. 338-353.
Zadeh, L. A. (1975). “The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning,” Information Science, 8(3), pp. 199-249.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE