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題名:問題導向學習教學在熱交換器的熱傳性能提升之應用研究
作者:李金和
作者(外文):Chin-Ho Lee
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:工業科技教育學系
指導教授:張勝茂
溫茂育
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2009
主題關鍵詞:問題導向學習課程設計熱交換器熱傳係數兩相流冷媒分佈器Problem-based learningcurriculum designheat exchangertransfer coefficienttwo-phase flowrefrigerant distributor
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本研究旨在探討問題導向學習(簡稱PBL)教學的原則、策略,協助提升教育品質,進而應用於機械專業課程,以評鑑教學成效。問題導向學習教學與傳統的教學方式比較,經研究證實,運用PBL讓學生有成就感,同時讓學生了解人類各種活動本質,有效提升學生問題解決能力。因此,這種學習方式,對於像熱交換器之熱傳性能提升此類的應用研究而言,實具有相當的採用價值。熱交換器系統是節能、減碳與追求環保的設計,包含熱交換器熱傳性能之提升及其在岐管內兩相冷媒分配之設計改善研究,並提供學生建構熱交換器系統之研究模型及實驗方法的模式。熱交換器之熱傳性能提升研究的課程特質在於強調有關「設計導向(design-oriented)」、「實作技能(practical skills)」與「問題解決(problem solving)」的方法。因此,在教學過程中運用PBL激發學生覺察力、專注力,培養學生發現與瞭解問題、分析與解決問題以及歸納與建構問題的能力便顯得相當重要。
本研究採用單組前後測實驗設計與準實驗設計方式進行,以了解問題導向學習教學法應用於機械系所熱力工程學之熱交換器的熱傳性能提升研究之教學成效。課程實施,先導出問題情境及設計條件,引導學生主動學習並發現生活中的科技及其發展與影響。再對熱交換器之熱傳性能提升研究的教學過程中,提供學生學習理論與真實世界實際事務對照的機會。首先,在熱交換器部分是以平板型、波浪型及複合型等三種不同的鰭片來進行實驗,其主要測試項目包含空氣側之壓降問題、熱傳係數之提升因素、摩擦係數f值與j值 (Colburn factor)之量測及計算。實驗中所採用之風扇風速設定範圍為1-3 ,其雷諾數在600-2000之間。
實驗測試結果顯示,由波浪形鰭片所構成之熱交換器與平板形鰭片相較,其空氣側之壓降提升11.9-33.2%,熱傳係數提升1.8-3.3%,f值提升11.9-33.8%,j值提升1.9-3.8%;相較於平板型鰭片,則複合形鰭片空氣側之壓降顯著提升35.2-64.2%,熱傳係數提升10.5-13.8%,f值顯著提升35.5-72.4%,j值提升10.3-14.5%。由此可知,複合型鰭片之熱交換器其壓降、熱傳係數、摩擦係數f值及j值之提升均明顯優於波浪型鰭片及平板型鰭片之性能。
再者,探討冷凍系統在岐管內兩相冷媒分配之設計改善研究,則以平滑管連結文氏管式分佈器、微鰭管連結文氏管式分佈器以及內附螺紋轉子分佈器等三種不同型態分佈器,進行分佈器的分配效率與系統性能等之相關探討。實驗中在分佈器出口岐管處設置玻璃視窗,透過視窗的觀察,以了解分佈器岐管內兩相冷媒之流動變化及其分佈情形。經實驗發現,內部做成螺紋形狀之微鰭管連結文氏管式分佈器具最佳冷媒分配效率,並獲得最佳性能係數能使系統達到最佳能源效率。根據統計分析,以複合型散熱鰭片之熱交換器,配合內部做成螺紋形狀之微鰭管連結文氏管式分佈器,對熱交換器之熱傳性能的提升助益頗大。在本次課程實驗中,最後採學生自評與互評方式,了解其實施成效與專業知識的學習成果。根據研究結果顯示,學生學習的意願相當高,均認同從日常生活中的實際問題嘗試尋找出問題並解決問題,自動自發的學習,增強正面的學習態度。學生大多認為熱交換器之熱傳性能提升研究課程,運用PBL教學能獲得顯著的學習成效。
關鍵字:問題導向學習、課程設計、熱交換器、熱傳係數、兩相流、冷媒分佈器
To improve the quality of education, this study explore the principle and tactics of problem-based learning(PBL) instruction, and it is also applied in the professional courses of mechanical engineering to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching. Compared with the traditional teaching methods, the application of problem-based learning will let student not only feel satisfaction, but also understand the essence of various human activities, and can efficiently enhance students’ problem solving skills. Therefore, as far as application research such as heat transfer enhancement of the heat exchangers system is concerned, problem-based learning should be highly applicable by implementing it into heat transfer enhancement of the heat exchangers system.
Technology system of the heat exchangers is designed to economize energy, to reduce carbon and to pursue environmental protection. It includes an experimental investigation for the enhanced heat transfer of the heat exchangers and improve the two-phase refrigerant distribution in the manifold of the refrigeration system. The experiment of the heat exchangers system models is established in this study. The proposed models can provide a reference to the relevant studies. The curriculum of the heat transfer enhancement of the heat exchangers system emphasizes the designing methods, practical skills and problem-solving abilities. Therefore, if a teacher can apply problem-based learning in their teaching processes, students will be able to develop the ability to discover, understand, analyze, solve, establish and categorize various problems.
One-group pretest-posttest design and quasi-experimental design method was adopted to investigate the effectiveness of using problem-based teaching methods on the course of the heat transfer enhancement of the heat exchangers technology system in the department of mechanical engineering/institute of mechatronic engineering. The course begins with inducing problems based on the circumstances and designing conditions. And then the students are guided to discover technology and its development and influences in daily life through active learning. In the teaching process, students are encouraged to tell the differences between theory and practice. First, the experimental information of the design on the elements of the heat exchange is presented. After that, three different fins (plat fin, wavy fin, and compounded fin) are performed in a wind tunnel. The parameters of the pressure drop of the air side, the heat transfer coefficient, the fanning friction factor (f), and the Colburn (j) against air velocity (1-3 m/s) and the Reynolds number (600-2000) are discussed.
In general, compared to the flat fin, the results of the wavy fin show that the pressure drop, the heat transfer coefficient, the f factor and the j factor increase about 11.9-33.2 %, 1.8-3.3%, 11.9-33.8%, and 1.9-3.8%, respectively. In addition, compared to the flat fin, the results of the compounded fin show that the pressure drop, the heat transfer coefficient, the f factor and the j factor increase about 35.2-64.2%, 10.5-13.8%, 35.5-72.4% and 10.3-14.5%, respectively. In summary, the present study strongly advises to use the compounded fin for heat exchanger.
Furthermore, this study presents an experimental investigation of the improvement for two-phase refrigerant distribution in the manifold of the refrigeration system. The study of improvement for the distributor can be divided into three parts. (1) Smooth tube connected venturi distributor (2) Two-phase refrigerant distribution in the manifold for the connect tube with internally spirally knurled/or integral fins between the distributor and expansion valve. (3) the distributor with a roller. In the experiment, the distribution efficiency and the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration system (COP) are displayed and discussed. In order to understand the flow situation of two-phase refrigerant in the manifold, a glass window is set up at the exit manifold of the distributor.
In this research, we found the connect tube with internally spirally knurled/ or integral fins between the distributor and expansion valve had the best distribution efficiency of the utensil, and the best performance coefficient to make the system get the perfect energy efficiency. According to the analyses, heat exchangers of the compounded fin and the connect tube with internally spirally knurled/ or integral fins between the distributor and expansion valve promoted the heat transfer enhancement of heat exchangers system. Finally, to know the students’ learning outcomes and the effectiveness of professional knowledge, self-assessment and peer-assessment were applied in this teaching experiment. The results shows students are more willing to learn and they are able to find problem, solve the problems and learn on their own. At the same time, their positive learning attitude is also established. Most students agree that the application of problem-based learning in heat transfer enhancement of the heat exchangers technology system research course can achieve excellent learning effect.
Keywords: Problem-based learning, curriculum design, heat exchanger, transfer coefficient, two-phase flow, refrigerant distributor
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