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題名:不同外在負重對臺灣優秀男子競技體操選手併腿全旋動作運動學與肌肉活化程度之影響
作者:陳光輝 引用關係
作者(外文):Kuang-Hui Chen
校院名稱:國立體育大學
系所名稱:體育研究所
指導教授:湯文慈
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:體操鞍馬基本動作輔助訓練gymnasticspommel horsebasic skillsauxiliary training
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:36
併腿全旋是透過雙手交替支撐,腳尖沿水平面迴旋的圓周運動,動作區分為四個主要階段:(一)俯撐階段;(二)繞進階段;(三)仰撐階段及(四)繞出階段。外在負重是鞍馬專項訓練中常用的方法,然而其訓練效果仍未能確切得知,因此本研究目的是透過量測找出臺灣優秀男子競技體操選手實施併腿全旋時適當的負荷重量,未來可將外在負重運用在實務訓練中,提昇併腿全旋動作控制表現與穩定性。併腿全旋需透過肩關節支撐身體重量,旋轉過程中軀幹維持身體平衡,然而實際上肌肉活化程度表現為何仍需進一步分析,因此本研究透過運動學及肌電學共同探討併腿全旋動作的表現。
十一名臺灣菁英層級的男子競技體操選手參與實驗,運用紅外線攝影機、Motion analysis system及無線肌肉活性感應器等儀器,同步收集運動學及肌電訊號。運用重複量數單因子變異數分析比較無負重及不同外在負重併腿全旋動作運動學及肌肉活化程度的差異,統計分析結果若達顯著水準,再以LSD法進行事後比較。透過皮爾遜積差相關分析運動學表現之相關,本研究顯著水準定為α=.05。
由研究結果顯示,當外在負重達到2.4%(含以上),身體重心及腳尖速度明顯小於無負重併腿全旋。另外,隨著外在負荷重量的遞增,腳尖水平速度出現遞減的情形。身體重心垂直高度與腳尖垂直高度表現呈現正相關,腳尖垂直高度與髖關節角度則為負相關。外在負重達到2.4%(含以上)肌肉活化總和數值出現大幅度增加的趨勢,其中又以軀幹部位肌群肌肉活化程度增加的幅度較大。肩部主要作用肌肉為下斜方肌、後三角肌及棘下肌。
本研究結論如下:(一)外在負重能降低四個階段腳尖水平速度的落差及減少髖關節角度的差異性。(二)為避免實施併腿全旋動作過程中出現髖關節角度過度屈曲的情形,建議腳尖應往遠方伸展。運用肩關節頂肩技術維持較高的身體重心高度及腳尖垂直高度。(三)併腿全旋主要作用肌群集中在肩關節背部位置。(四)綜合運動學與肌肉活化表現,本研究建議最佳外在負荷重量應為1.2%。
The double leg circle can be defined as a cyclic movement in the horizontal plane with alternate support holds on the pommel. A while double leg circle has four main phases: a) front support phase, b) flank in phase, c) rear support phase, and d) flank out phase. Weight-bearing is a commonly used method to train, but the training effect is not known with certainty. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal external loads in a weight-bearing “double leg circle” movement, and to forward this knowledge into future training of the pommel horse event in artistic gymnastics. The shoulders support the body mass and straight trunk to maintain body balance during double leg circle on pommel horse exercise. However, the real muscles activity has not been determined. In order to get a clearer understanding of the differences between kinematic and muscles activation performed on double leg circle. We carried out combined kinematics and EMG analysis in our study.
Eleven male artistic gymnasts who regular participate in elite level races were recruited for this study. The movements were recorded via an infrared motion capture system. EMG signals of 9 muscles were collected using wireless sensors. One-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to examine the differences of performance both in the kinematic variables and muscle activations. Further LSD was performed if necessary. Relations between the kinematic results were examined using Pearson product-moment correlation test. Significant level set at α=.05.
The study results showed that when the external load starting from 2.4% (including the above), human body center of gravity velocity and horizontal toe velocity significantly less than no loads. In addition, when the external load weight increment, the horizontal toe velocity tend to drop. Human body center of gravity vertical positions and vertical toe position is positively correlated, vertical toe position and Hip angle is negative correlated. External load reached 2.4% (including the above) the sum of muscle activation value drastic increasing trend, which increases truck muscle activation magnitude larger. The main role of the shoulder is lower trapezius, posterior deltoid and infraspinatus.
In conclusion: (1) External load can reduce the difference between the four phases of the horizontal toe velocity and Hip angle. (2) In order to avoid excessive flexion hip angle, it is recommended toes should extend to distant. The use of enhance shoulder technology to maintain high human body center of gravity vertical position and vertical toe position. (3) The main role of the double leg circle on the shoulder muscles back position. (4) Integrated kinematic variables and muscle activations performance, this study suggests that the best external load should be 1.2%.
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