:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:大專運動選手之幽默風格:其與因應策略與焦慮之關聯性
作者:潘敏
作者(外文):Pan, Min
校院名稱:臺北市立大學
系所名稱:競技運動訓練研究所
指導教授:鄭溫暖
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:親和型幽默自我提升型幽默趨近因應策略適應性調節焦慮affiliative humorself-enhancing humorapproach coping strategiesregulatory dimension of anxiety
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:1
研究目的:首先修編適合大專運動選手使用之幽默風格量表,以瞭解大專運動選手之幽默風格現況與差異,並進一步探討大專運動選手之幽默風格、運動壓力因應策略與三向度表現焦慮間之關聯性。
研究方法:使用本研究編製之幽默風格量表-運動選手版、運動壓力因應策略量表 (廖梓呈,2012)、三向度表現焦慮量表 (Cheng, Hardy, & Markland, 2011)及個人資料表,以臺灣大專院校之運動專長生為對象,透過問卷調查法蒐集數據。共回收657份有效量表,整理後之數據以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析與階層迴歸等方式進行分析。
結果:
一、本研究編製之「幽默風格量表-運動選手版」經兩階段之信效度驗證後,確認適合用於測量大專運動選手之幽默風格;
二、大專運動選手最常使用親和型幽默,自我提升型幽默次之;
三、男性大專運動選手比女性選手使用更多自我提升型、攻擊型和自我貶抑型幽默;
四、19至23歲之選手與開放性運動之選手使用較多攻擊型幽默;
五、專項年資較長與菁英選手使用更多親和型幽默;
六、訓練時數六小時以上之選手使用較多自我貶抑型幽默;
七、專項運動技能自我評分高於四分之選手使用較多親和型與自我提升型幽默;
八、正向幽默風格可正向預測趨近因應策略、負向幽默風格可正向預測規避因應策略;
九、親和型幽默可正向預測適應性調節焦慮、認知焦慮;自我提升型幽默可正向預測適應性調節焦慮、負向預測認知焦慮;攻擊型幽默可正向預測身體焦慮;自我貶抑型幽默可正向預測認知焦慮、身體焦慮,負向預測適應性調節焦慮。
結論:較常使用正向幽默 (親和型與自我提升型幽默) 之大專運動選手對自己專項技能評分較高,偏好使用趨近因應策略,有較佳的適應性調節焦慮,在競技表現上也有較佳水準;較常使用負向幽默 (攻擊型與自我貶抑型幽默) 之大專運動選手偏向使用規避因應策略,有較高的認知與身體焦慮,恐因此影響其運動表現。
Purpose: the study aimed to edit the humor styles questionnaire for collegiate athlete to investigate their using of humor styles and identify the relationship among humor styles, coping strategies, and anxiety of collegiate athletes.
Methods: “Humor Styles Questionnaire – athlete version,” “Coping Strategies Scale (Liao, 2012),” “The Chinese Three-Factor Anxiety Inventory (Cheng, Hardy, & Markland, 2011),” and personal information questionnaire were used for data collection. Participants were 657 collegiate athletes (Male=430, Female=227, Age=20.64) in Taiwan. Data were processed with factor analysis, descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, product-moment correlation, and hierarchical regression.
Results:
1. “Humor Styles Questionnaire – Athlete Version” was proved to be valid and reliable.
2. The most frequently used humor style by collegiate athletes is affiliative humor while the self-enhancing humor scored the second.
3. Male athletes tend to use self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating humors more than female athletes.
4. Collegiate athletes from age 19 to 23; and collegiate athletes who engage in contact sports use more aggressive humor.
5. Collegiate athletes with higher seniority and elite athletes use more positive humors.
6. Collegiate athletes who train more than six hours in one session use more self-defeating humor.
7. Collegiate athletes rate themselves more than 4 points on sport skills use more positive humors.
8. Positive humors can positively predict approaching coping strategies while negative humors can positively predict avoidance coping strategies.
9. Affiliative humor positively predicts the regulatory dimension of anxiety and cognitive anxiety. Self-enhancing humor positively predicts the regulatory dimension of anxiety and negatively predicts cognitive anxiety. Aggressive humor positively predicts physical anxiety. Self-defeating humor positively predicts cognitive and physical anxiety and negatively predicts the regulatory dimension of anxiety.
Conclusions: collegiate athletes who use more positive humors are more confident in their sport performances, they tend to use approaching coping strategies, have higher regulatory dimension of anxiety and better sport performances. Collegiate athletes who use more negative humors tend to adopt avoidance coping strategies, are high in cognitive and physical anxiety, their sport performance may be impacted negatively.
一、中文部分
王以仁、陳芳玲、林本喬 (1995)。教師心理衛生。臺北市:心理出版社。
王建雅 (2010)。八向度幽默風格量表之發展暨其與自尊、人格特質、依附風格關係之探討 (未出版博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
王怡璇 (2015)。高雄市國中生知覺導師幽默風格與學習滿意度相關之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。樹德科技大學,高雄市。
李文瑄 (2005)。精神醫學講座(四)-自戀型人格。諮商與輔導,233,46-48。doi: 10.29837/CG
李宛容 (2010)。探討運動參與者之自我對話與焦慮 (未出版之碩士論文)。臺北市立體育學院,臺北市。
何宜錚、黃鴻程、陳學志、王雅萍、賴惠德 (2010)。國中生幽默風格與自尊及情緒智力之相關研究。中華心理衛生學刊,23(2),271-304。doi: 10.30074/FJMH
吳孟真 (2009)。研究生人格特質、幽默風格、焦慮之相關研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
吳佳芳 (2016)。基層員警幽默風格、心理健康與工作適應之關聯性研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
周泰安 (2003)。害羞的內隱與外顯測量 (未出版碩士論文)。私立輔仁大學,新北市。
林彥佑 (1999)。大學生因應策略之訪談評量與調查研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立成功大學,臺南市。
林文山 (2004)。國小躲避球運動選手的賽前狀態焦慮、因應策略與運動表現的關係 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北師範學院,臺北市。
林語堂 (2005)。吾國吾民。臺北:遠景。
林孟嶔 (2012)。大專運動員意象能力與焦慮之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立體育學院,臺北市。
林耀南、朱志忠、林書宇 (2012)。幽默風格、團體衝突與團體凝聚力之關聯性研究。創造學刊,3(1),71-92。doi: 10.30081/CESJ
邱發忠、陳學志、卓淑玲 (2003) 幽默創造訓練之課程設計暨實徵效果評估。教育心理學報,34(2),179-198。
邱天助 (2005)。幽默研究的困境:一個社會心理學的觀點。應用心理研究,27,9-13。
邱玉惠、王三財 (2006)。擊劍選手目標取向、心理技能、自覺能力與競賽壓力因應策略之相關研究。運動教練科學,7,59-68。
季力康 (1996)。運動選手的壓力管理。國民體育季刊,25(4),57。
季力康、卓俊伶、洪聰敏、高三福、黃英哲、黃崇儒、廖主民、盧俊宏(譯)(2013)。競技與健身運動心理學:臺北市:禾楓。(Weinberg, R., & Gould, D., 2011)。
高莉淳 (2017)。大專運動選手之基本心理需求滿足、焦慮與心理彈性 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
張景媛、陳學志、黃譯瑩 (2004)。幽默訓練融入綜合活動對國一學生創造思考與人際因應之影響。教育心理學報,36(1),13-33。
張春興 (2007)。現代心理學。臺北市:東華。
張文賢 (2014)。音樂效應與焦慮之探討:以大專運動員為例 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
張諺杰 (2014)。中學生射箭運動選手之注意力與焦慮研究 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
陳淑蓉、陳學志 (2005)。幽默感的定義與測量:多向度幽默感量表之編製。應用心理研究,26,167-187。
陳美綺、洪聰敏 (2016) 射箭隊的運動心理介入,運動表現期刊,3(2),55-62。doi :10.3966/240996512016120302002
陳家駒 (1988)。壓力的因應與心理疾病的預防。諮商與輔導,25,6-8。
陳學志 (1991)。幽默理解的認知歷程 (未出版博士論文)。國立臺灣大學,臺北市。
陳學志、徐芝君 (2006)。幽默創意課程對教師幽默感及創造力之影響。師大學報,51(2S),71-93。
陳學志、詹雨臻、Willibald Ruch、René Proyer (2011)。被笑恐懼相關特質的測量與信度及效度之評估。測驗學刊,58(1),119-145。doi: 10.7108/PT
陳榮宗 (2001)。壓力管理與因應方式之探究。研習論壇理論與實務月刊,9,22-32。
陳柏甫 (2010)。幽默特質與工作績效關係之中介探討 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺北科技大學,臺北市。
陳世和、鄭溫暖、邱共鉦、陳維新 (2017)。意象訓練對跆拳道選手意象能力和焦慮之效應。運動研究,26(2),13-31。doi: 10.6167/JSR/2017.26(2)2
陳君毅 (2018)。解決電商行銷痛點,電子豹的老派Email行銷之必要。數位時代。取自https://www.bnext.com.tw/
陳瑞福、游能揚、吳良民 (2018)。排球運動選手同儕關係與運動自信心之研究。運動健康休閒學報,9,18-29。
區淞銘 (2015)。大專運動選手憂鬱、焦慮與睡眠品質之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
莊國上 (2006)。大專羽球選手競賽特質性焦慮及特質性運動自信心對競賽壓力因應策略預測之研究。文化體育學刊,4,55-66。
郭國禎、駱芳美 (2010)。教育與諮商相關系所大學生統計壓力的因應策略與統計焦慮關係之研究。家庭教育與諮商學刊,9,61-106。doi: 10.6472/JFEC
黃英哲、季力康 (1994)。運動動機氣候與自覺能力對賽前狀態焦慮和滿足感的相關研究。體育學報,18,321-332。
黃清如 (2000)。大專運動選手的目標取向,自覺能力與認知評估對競賽壓力因應策略的影響 (未出版碩士論文)。國立體育學院,桃園市。
黃惠惠 (2002)。情緒與壓力管理。臺北市:張老師文化。
黃崇儒、鄧婉瑜、王清欉 (2014)。女子壘球投手的狀態焦慮、自信心與控球準確性:一個實地觀察。運動表現期刊,1(1),20-24。doi: 10.3966/240996512014040101004
黃薌如 (2013)。國中生幽默風格、知覺導師幽默風格與師生互動關係之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
彭韻治 (2006)。攻擊背後的真相-與男性暴力行為相關之內在特質因素。諮商與輔導,251,43-47。
楊政穎、鍾才元、陳明終、李曜安 (2014)。社群網路使用者之線上社會支持與線上人際關係。國教新知,61(4),22-27。doi:10.6701/TEEJ.201412_61(4).0003
楊舒傑 (2011)。領導者幽默風格對員工工作滿意、工作壓力與組織承諾關係之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。朝陽科技大學,臺中市。
楊欽城、吳盈學、程博彥、柳立偉 (2013)。大專籃球選手情緒智力、壓力因應策略對運動成績之影響。運動休閒餐旅研究,8(4),131-151。doi: 10.29429/JSLHR
楊濬恒、徐耀輝、張智惠 (2013)。壓力對焦慮與籃球罰球表現之影響。高師大體育,11,49-61。doi: 10.6305/PENKNU
詹雨臻、陳學志、卓淑玲、Martin (2011)。區分良善與有害的幽默:中文版 「幽默風格量表」的發展。測驗學刊,58 專刊,207-234。doi: 10.7108/PT
廖梓呈 (2012)。大專運動選手之壓力、因應策略與焦慮 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
廖子慧 (2018)。運動選手之性別角色取向與焦慮:以合球運動為例 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
蔡文璇、黃英哲 (2008)。認知評估之中介效應在社會支持與能力知覺對競賽壓力因應策略的影響。臺灣運動心理學報,12,1-24。doi: 10.6497/BSEPT
劉若蘭 (1994)。如何與壓力共舞—從個人與環境互動的觀點談起。學生輔導通訊,34,30-33。
劉芷吟 (2017)。大專運動選手自戀特質與焦慮之探討 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
潘敏 (2012)。大專運動員之運動道德脫離與焦慮 (未出版之碩士論文)。臺北市立體育學院,臺北市。
潘緯澄、高三福、陳韋霖、潘天財 (2019)。田徑運動員的信任教練、運動成就與賽前焦慮、自信心之關係。運動研究,28(2),1-11。doi:10.6167/JSR.201912_28(2).0001
樂羽嘉 (2019年10月24日)。面試官問「談談你自己吧」20年來最令他滿意的答案【天下雜誌】。取自:https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5097375
盧俊宏 (1994)。運動心理學。臺北市:師大書苑。
盧俊宏、陳龍弘、卓國雄 (2006)。Raedeke和Smith運動員倦怠問卷(ABQ)之信效度研究。體育學報,39(3),83-94。doi:10.6222/pej.3903.200609.1107
賴建志 (2005)。大學生生活壓力、幽默風格與幸福感之相關研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
龍世偉 (2018)。意象訓練介入對大專籃球選手罰球技能表現、意象能力與焦慮之影響 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
藍婉寧 (2014)。大專運動選手復原力、流暢經驗與焦慮 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
譚芷澄 (2018)。競速滑輪溜冰選手的心理技能與焦慮 (未出版碩士論文)。臺北市立大學,臺北市。
體育署 (2019)。108年運動現況調查成果發表記者會 自發樂活愛運動 多元運動i臺灣 (2019年12月6日)。體育署即時新聞。取自https://www.edu.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=9E7AC85F1954DDA8&s=4E8C00BFE8664B5D

二、英文部分
Albertson, L. M., & Kagan, D. M. (1987). Occupational stress among teachers. Journal of Research & Development in Education, 21(1), 69-75.
Aldwin, C. M. (1994). Stress, coping, and development: An integrative perspective. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
Allport, G. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Anshel, M. H. (1996). Examining coping style in sport. Journal of Social Psychology, 136, 311-323.
Anshel, M. H. (2001). Qualitative validation of a model for coping with acute stress in sport. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 223-246.
Anshel, M. H., & Anderson, D. I. (2002). Coping with acute stress in sport: Linking athletes' coping style, coping strategies, affect, and motor performance. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 15(2), 193-209. doi: 10.1080/10615800290028486
Anshel, M. H., Kang, M., & Miesner, M. (2010). The approach-avoidance framework for identifying athletes’ coping style as a function of gender and race. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(4), 341-349. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00796.x
Anshel, M. H., & Si, G. (2008) Coping styles following acute stress in sport among elite Chinese athletes: A test of trait and transactional coping theories. Journal of Sport Behavior. 31(1), 3–21.
Anshel, M. H., Sutarso, T., & Jubenville, C. (2009). Racial and gender differences on sources of acute stress and coping style among competitive athletes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149(2), 159-177. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.149.2.159-178
Anshel, M. H., Williams, L. R. T. & Williams, S. M. (2000). Coping style following acute stress in competitive sport. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 751-773. doi: 10.1080/00224540009600515
Aydin, A. (2015). Identifying the relationship of teacher candidates' humor styles with anxiety and self-compassion levels. Eurasian Journal of Education Research, 59, 1-16. doi: 10.14689/ejer.2015.59.1
Baldwin, M., & Sinclair, L. (1996). Self-esteem and “if . . . then” contingencies of interpersonal acceptance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 1130–1141. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1130
Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. Guilford press.
Bastien, J. W. (1989). Differences between Kallawaya-Andean and Greek-European humoral theory. Social Science & Medicine, 28, 45-51.
Baughman, H. M., Giammarco, E. A., Veselka, L., Schermer, J. A., Martin, N. G., Lynskey, M., & Vernon, P. A. (2012). A behavioral genetic study of humor styles in an Australian sample. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 15, 663-667. doi:10.1017/thg.2012.23
Berns, G. S. (2004). Something funny happened to reward. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(5), 193–194.
Besser, A., Luyten, P., & Mayes, L. C. (2012). Adult attachment and distress: The mediating role of humor styles. Individual Differences Research, 10(3), 153-164.
Bilge, F. & Saltuk, S. (2007). Humour styles, subjective well-being, trait anger and anxiety among university students in turkey. World Applied Science Journal, 2(5), 464-469.
Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Coping, stress and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877-891. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.46.4.877
Blan, G. (1981). An empirical investigation of job stress, social support, service length and strain. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 27, 279-302. doi: 10.1016/0030-5073(81)90050-7
Boardley, I. D., & Kavussanu, M. (2007). Development and validation of the moral disengagement in sport scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 608-628. doi: 0.1123/jsep.29.5.608
Brewer, B.W. (2009). Sport Psychology. Chichester, SXW: Wiley-Blackwell.
Calmeiro, L., Tenenbaum, G., & Eccles, D. W. (2014). Managing pressure: patterns of appraisals and coping strategies of non-elite and elite athletes during competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(10), 1813-1820. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2014.922692
Cann, A., Morman, M., A., Welbourne, J. L., & Calhoun, L., G. (2008). Attachment styles, conflict styles and humour styles: Interrelationships and associations with relationship satisfaction. European Journal of Personality, 22, 131-146. doi: 10.1002/per.666
Carver, C. S. (1997). Adult attachment and personality: Converging evidence and a new measure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(8), 865-883. doi: 10.1177/0146167297238007
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267–283. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267
Chadha, N. (2015). Strategies to manage stress among youngsters. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 6(6), 644-647.
Chen, G. H., & Martin, R. A. (2007). A comparison of humor styles, coping humor, and mental health between Chinese and Canadian university students. Humor - International Journal of Humor Research, 20(3), 215-234. doi: 10.1515/HUMOR.2007.011
Cheng, W-N. K, Hardy, L., & Markland D. (2009). Toward a three-dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 271-278. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.08.001
Cheng, W-N. K., Hardy, L., & Markland, D. (2011). Cross-cultural validation of a three-dimensional measurement model of performance anxiety in the Context of Chinese Sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 42, 417-435.
Cheng, W-N, K., Hardy, L., & Woodman, T. (2011). Predictive validity of a three-dimensional model of performance anxiety in the context of Tae-Kwon-Do. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 40-53. doi: 10.1123/jsep.33.1.40
Cheng, W.-N. K., & Hardy, L. (2016). Three-dimensional model of performance anxiety: Tests adaptive potential of the regulatory dimension of anxiety. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 255-263. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.07.006
Chiang, Y.-C., Lee, C.-Y., & Wang, H.-H. (2016). Effects of Classroom Humor Climate and Acceptance of Humor Messages on Adolescents’ Expressions of Humor. Child & Youth Care Forum, 45(4), 543–569. doi:10.1007/s10566-015-9345-7
Coetzee, O., & Cilliers, F. (2012). Humour as defence against the anxiety manifesting in diversity experiences. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 38(2), Art. #990, 9 pages. Doi:10.4102/sajip.v38i2.990
Cohen, R. (2016). Sport psychology: The Basics: Optimising Human Performance. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Publishing
Cox, T. (1987). Stress, coping and problem solving. Work & Stress, 1, 5-14. doi: 10.1080/02678378708258476
Craik, K. H., Lampert, M. D., & Nelson, A. J. (1996). Sense of humor and styles in everyday humorous conduct. Humor - International Journal of Humor Research, 9(3), 273–302. doi: 10.1515/humr.1996.9.3-4.273
Crocker, P. R. E., Kowalski, K. C., & Graham, T. R. (1998). Measurement of coping strategies in sport. In J. L. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp. 149 - 161). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
Dias, C., Cruz, J. F., & Fonseca, A. M. (2012). The relationship between multidimensional competitive anxiety, cognitive threat appraisal, and coping strategies: A multi-sport study. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 52-65. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2012.645131
Dixon, N. F. (1980). Humor: A cognitive alternative to stress? In I. G. Sarason & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (Vol. 7, pp. 281–289). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
Doron, J., & Martinent, G. (2017). Appraisal, coping, emotion, and performance during elite fencing matches: a random coefficient regression model approach. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27, 1015-1025. doi: 10.1111/sms.12711
Dozois, D. J. A., Martin, R. A., & Bieling, P. J. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas and adaptive/maladaptive style of humor. Cognitive Therapy Research, 33, 585-505. doi: 10.1007/s10608-008-9223-9
Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. (1990). Multidimensional Assessment of Coping: A Critical Evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 844-854. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.58.5.844
Erickson, S. J., & Feldstein, S. W. (2007). Adolescent humor and its relationship to coping, defense strategies, psychological distress, and well-being. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 37, 255-271. doi: 10.1007/s10578-006-0034-5
Fletcher, D., Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2006). An organisational stress review: Conceptual and theoretical issues in competitive sport. In S. Hanton & S. D. Mellalieu (Eds.), Literature reviews in sport psychology (pp. 321–374). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
Folkman, S. (1982). An approach to the measurement of coping. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 3, 95-107.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988b). Manual for the Ways of Coping Scale. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychology Press
Folkman, S. (2010). Stress, coping, and hope. Psycho-Oncology, 19, 901-908. doi: 10.1002/pon.1836
Ford, T. E., Lappi, S. K., & Holden, C. J. (2016). Personality, humor styles, and happiness: Happy people have positive humor styles. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 320-337. doi:10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1160
Fox, C. L., Hunter, S. C., & Jones, S. E. (2015). The relationship between peer victimization and children’s humor styles: It's no laughing matter! Social Development, 24(3), 442-461. doi: 10.1111/sode.12099
Fox, C. L., Hunter, S. C., & Jones, S. E. (2016). Longitudinal associations between humor styles and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 377–389, doi:10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1065.
Franks, H. M., & Roesch, S. C. (2006). Appraisals and coping in people living with cancer: A meta‐analysis. Psycho‐Oncology, 15, 1027-1037. doi: 10.1002/pon.1043
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologists, 56, 218-226. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218.
Freud, S. (1928). Humour. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 9, 1-6.
Freud, S. (1960, 1905). Jokes and their relation to the unconscious. New York: Norton.
Fromme, K. & Rivet, K. (1994). Young adults’ coping style as a predictor of their alcohol use and response to daily events. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23(1), 85–97.
Hanton, S., Neil, R., & Evans, L. (2013). Hardiness and anxiety interpretation: An investigation into coping usage and effectiveness. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(1), 96-104. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2011.635810
Hatzigeorgiadis, A., & Chroni, S. (2004). Approach and avoidance coping in competition questionnaire. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Sport Psychology. (pp. 56-57), Trikala, Greece.
Hatzigeorgiadis, A. & Chroni, S. (2007). Pre-competition anxiety and in-competition coping in experienced male swimmers. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 2(2), 181-189. doi: 10.1260/174795407781394310
Hardy, L. (1990). A catastrophe model of performance in sport. In G. Jones, & L. Hardy (Eds.), Stress and performance in sport (pp. 81–106). Chichester: Wiley.
Hardy, L. (1996). A test of catastrophe models of anxiety and sports performance against multidimensional anxiety theory models using the method of dynamic differences. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 9, 69–86. doi: 10.1080/10615809608249393
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. W., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152-1168. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
Hayward, F. P. I., Knight, C. J., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2017). A longitudinal examination of stressors, appraisals, and coping in youth swimming. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 29, 56-68. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.12.002
Hiranandani, N. A., & Yue, X. D. (2014). Humour styles, gelotophobia and self-esteem among Chinese and Indian university students. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 319-324. doi: 10.1111/ajsp.12066
Hoicka, E., Jutsum, S., & Gattis, M. (2008). Humor, abstraction, and disbelief. Cognitive Science, 32, 985-1002. doi: 10.1080/03640210801981841
Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., & Schaefer, J. A. (1996). Coping, stress resistance, and growth: Conceptualizing adaptive functioning. Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H., (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of psychosomatic research 11(2), 213-218. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4
Huang, N. T., & Lee, H. L. (2019). Ability emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: Humor style as a mediator. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 47(5), e7805. doi: 10.2224/sbp.7805
Huberty, T. J. (2014). Best practices in school-based interventions for anxiety and depression. In Best Practices in School Psychology: Student-level Services (pp. 349-364). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.
Gaudreau, P., Nichols, A., & Levy, A. R. (2010). The ups and downs of coping and sport achievement: An episodic process analysis of within-person associations. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32(3), 298–311. doi: 10.1123/jsep.32.3.298
Gellis, Z. D., Kim, J., & Hwang, S. C. (2004). New York State case manager survey: urban and rural differences in job activities, job stress, and job satisfaction. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 31(4), 430-440. doi: 10.1007/BF02287694
Gervais, M., & Wilson, D. S. (2005). The evolutions and functions of laughter and humor: A synthetic approach. Quarterly review of Biology, 80, 395-430. doi: 10.1086/498281
Godt, P. T. (2006). How to avoid stress and burnout. Illinois Reading Council Journal, 34(3). 58-61.
Gorgulu, R., Cooke, A., & Woodman, T. (2019). Anxiety and ironic errors of performance: Task Instruction Matters. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 41, 82-95. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2018-0268
Greenberg, G. & Baron, R. (1997). Behavior in organization (6ed.). Engle wood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice - Hall.
Gurjeva, L. (2001). ‘James Sully and scientific psychology 1880s – 1910’, in Gunn, A. D, Lovie and G. D. Richards (eds), Psychology in Britan. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
Isik, U., Acet, M, Cengiz, R., & Kucuk, V. (2017). Investigation of the relationship between the humour styles and trait anxiety levels of students attending schools of physical education and sports. Sport in Society, 20(11), 1715-1723. doi: 10.1080/17430437.2017.1329823
Jones, G. (1995). More than just a game: Research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 449–478. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02565.x
Jovanovic, V. (2011). Do humor styles matter in the relationship between personality and subjective well-being? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 52, 502–507. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00898.x
Kaiseler, M., Polman, R. C. J., & Nicholls, A. R. (2012). Effects of the Big Five personality dimensions on appraisal coping, and coping effectiveness in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 12(1), 62-72. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2010.551410
Kazarian, S. S., & Martin, R. A. (2004). Humor styles, personality, and well-being among Lebanese University Students. European Journal of Personality, 18, 209-219. doi: 10.1002/per.505.
Kelly, W. E. (2002). An investigation of worry and sense of humor. Journal of Psychology, 136(6), 657-666.
Kirsh, G. A., & Kuiper, N. A. (2003). Positive and negative aspects of sense of humor: Associations with the constructs of individualism and relatedness. Humor - International Journal of Humor Research, 16(1), 33-62. doi: 10.1515/humr.2003.004
Koc, H., & Arslan, C. (2017). Analyzing interpersonal problem solving in terms of solution focused approach and humor styles of university student. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(27), 18-28.
Kotthoff, H. (2006). Gender and humor: The state of the art. Journal of Pragmatics, 38, 4–25. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2005.06.003
Krane, V. (1994). The mental readiness form as a measure of competitive state anxiety. The Sport Psychologist, 8(2), 189–202. doi: 10.1123/tsp.8.2.189
Krohne, H. W. (1996). Individual differences in coping. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of Coping (pp. 381-409), New York: Johm Wiley & Sons.
Kubie, L. S. (1971). The destructive potential of humor in psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 37–42. doi: 10.1176/ajp.127.7.861
Kuiper, N. A., Grimshaw, M., Leite, C., & Kirsh, G. (2004). Humor is not always the best medicine: Specific components of sense of humor and psychological well-being. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 17 (1-2): 135-168. doi: 10.1515/humr.2004.002
Kuiper, N. A. & McHale, N. (2009). Humor styles as mediators between self-evaluative standards and psychological well-being. The Journal of Psychology, 143(4), 359-376. doi: 10.3200/JRLP.143.4.359-376
Kuiper, N. A., & Leite, C. (2010). Personality impressions associated with four distinct humor styles. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 115-122. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00734.x
Kuiper, N. A., & Martin, R. A. (1998). Is sense of humor a positive personality characteristic? In W. Ruch (Ed.), The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic (pp. 159-178). New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi:10.5167/uzh-77940
Kuiper, N. A., & McHale, N. (2009). Humor styles as mediators between self-evaluative standards and psychological well-being. The Journal of Psychology, 143(4), 359-376. doi: 10.3200/JRLP.143.4.359-376
Laborde, S., You, M., Dosseville, F., & Salinas, A. (2012). Culture, individual differences, and situation: Influence on coping in French and Chinese table tennis players. European Journal of Sport Science, 12(3), 255-261. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2011.566367
Lamont, A. (2011). University students’ strong experiences of music: Pleasure, engagement, and meaning. Musicae Scientiae, 15, 229–249. doi: 10.1177/1029864911403368
Laux, L., & Spielberger, C. D. (1981). Das state-trait-angstinventar: STAI. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz.
Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer.
Lazarus, R. S. (2000). How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 229–252. doi: 10.1123/tsp.14.3.229
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150-170. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.48.1.150
Lefcourt, H. M., & Martin, R. A. (1986). Humor and life stress: Antidote, to adversity. New York: Springer.
Leist, A. K., & Müller, D. (2013). Humor types show different patterns of self-regulation, self-esteem, and well-being. Journal of Happiness Study, 14, 551-569. doi: 10.1007/s10902-012-9342-6
Levy, A. R., Nicholls, A. R., & Polman, R. C. J. (2011). Pre-competitive confidence, coping, and subjective performance in sport Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(5), 721-729. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01075.x
Liao, C. M., & Masters, R. S. W. (2002). Self-focused attention and performance failure under psychological stress. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24, 289-305. doi: 10.1123/jsep.24.3.289
Madden, C. C., Kirkby, R. J., & McDonald, D. (1989). Coping styles of competitive middle distance runners. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 20, 287-296.
Madrigal, L. Gill, D. L., & Willse, J. T. (2017). Gender and the relationships among mental toughness, hardiness, optimism and coping in collegiate athletics: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Sport Behavior, 40(1), 68-86.
Manke, B. (1998). Genetic and environmental contributions to children’s interpersonal humor. In W. Ruch (Ed.). The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic (pp. 361-384). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. doi: 10.5167/uzh-77940
Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., & Burton, D. (1990). Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. A. (1990). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117–190). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Martin, R. A. (2001). Humor, laughter, and physical health: Methodological issues and research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 504-519. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.127.4.504
Martin, R. A. (2007). The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic Press. doi: 10.5167/uzh-77940
Martin, R. A., & Kuiper, N. A. (2016). Three decades investigating humor and laughter: An interview with professor Rod Martin. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 498-512. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1119
Martin, R. A., & Lefcourt, H. M. (1983). Sense of humor as a moderator of the relationship between stressors and moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1313-1324. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1313
Martin, R. A., & Lefcourt, H. M. (1984). Situational Humor Response Questionnaire: Quantitative measure of sense of humor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(1), 145-155. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.47.1.145
Martin, R. (2003) Sense of humor. In Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures; Lopez, S.J., Snyder, C.R., Eds.; American Psychological Association: Washington, DC, USA, 2003; pp. 313–326.
Martin, R. A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J., & Weir, G. (2003). Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 48-75. doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00534-2
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.
Mesagno, C., Harvey, J. T., & Janelle, C. M. (2012). Choking under pressure: The role of fear of negative evaluation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 60-68. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.07.007
McGrath, J. E. (1970). A conceptual formulation for research on stress. In J. E. McGrath (Ed.), Social and Psychological Factors in Stress (pp. 10-21). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
Mckinney, F., Lorion, R. P., & Zax, M. (1976). Effective behavior and human development. New York: Macmillan.
Mendiburo-Seguel, A., Páez, D., & Martínez-Sánchez, F. (2015). Humor styles and personality: A meta-analysis of the relation between humor styles and the Big Five personality traits. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 56, 335-340. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12209
Mishinsky, M. (1977). Humor as a “courage mechanism.” Israel Annals of Psychiatry and Related Disciplines, 15, 352–363.
Moore, S., Walsh, G., & Risquez, A. (2007). Teaching at college and university: Effective strategies and key principles open up study skills. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Carson, F., Thompson, M. A., & Perry, J. L. (2016). The applicability of self-regulation theories in sport: Goal adjustment capacities, stress appraisals, coping, and well-being among athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.07.011
Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Grice, A., & Polman, R. C. J. (2009). Stress appraisals, coping, and coping effectiveness among international cross-country runners during training and competition. European Journal of Sport Science, 9(5), 285-293. doi: 10.1080/17461390902836049
Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., & Perry, J. L. (2015). Emotional maturity, dispositional coping, and coping effectiveness among adolescent athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 17, 32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.11.004
Nicholls, A. R., Perry, J. L., & Calmeiro, L. (2014). Precompetitive achievement goals, stress appraisals, emotions, and coping among athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 36, 433-445. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2013-0266
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., & Levy, A. R. (2012). A path analysis of stress appraisals, emotions, coping, and performance satisfaction among athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 263-270. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.12.003
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Levy, A. R., Taylor, J., & Cobley, S. (2007). Stressors, coping, and coping effectiveness: Gender, type of sport, and skill differences. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 1521-1530. doi: 10.1080/02640410701230479
Nicholls, A., Polman, R., Morley, D., & Taylor, N. J. (2009). Coping and coping effectiveness in relation to a competitive sport event: Pubertal status, chronological age, and gender among adolescent athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31, 299-317. doi: 10.1123/jsep.31.3.299
Ntoumanis, N. & Biddle, S. J. H. (2000). Relationship of intensity and direction of competitive anxiety with coping strategies. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 360-371. doi: 10.1123/tsp.14.4.360
Ntoumanis, N., Biddle, S. J. H., & Haddock, G. (1999). The mediating role of coping strategies on the relationship between achievement motivation and affect in sport. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 17, 643–665. doi: 10.1080/10615809908250480
Pacewicz, C. E., Gotwals, J. K., & Blanton, J. E. (2018). Perfectionism, coping, and burnout among intercollegiate varsity athletes: A person-oriented investigation of group differences and mediation. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 35, 207-217. doi: 0.1016/j.psychsport.2017.12.008
Páez, D., Seguel, A. M., & Martínez-Sánchez, F. (2013). Incremental validity of Alexithymia, emotional coping and humor style on happiness and psychological well-being, Journal of Happiness Study, 14, 1621-1637. doi: 10.1007/s10902-012-9400-0
Pearlin, L. I., &Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19(1), 2-21. doi: 10.2307/2136319
Pervin, L. A. (1993). Personality: Theory and research. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Phelps, S. B., & Jarvis, P. A. (1994). Coping in adolescence: Empirical evidence for a theoretically based approach to assessing coping. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23, 359–371. doi: 10.1007/BF01536724
Philip J. S., & Dithurbide, L. (2007). The psychometric properties of the humor styles questionnaire with a sample of athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, Supplement, S207.
Poltavski D., & Ferraro, F. R. (2003). Stress and illness in American and Russian college students. Personality and Individual Difference, 34(6), 971-982. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00082-X
Puente-Diaz, R., & Anshel, M. H. (2005). Sources of acute stress, cognitive appraisal, and coping strategies among highly skilled Mexican and U. S. competitive tennis players. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(4), 429-446. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.145.4.429-446
Rainey, D. W., & Granito, V. (2010). Normative rules for trash talk among college athletes: An exploratory study. Journal of Sport Behavior, 33(3), 276-294.
Rnic, K., Dozois, D. J. A., & Martin, R. A. (2016). Cognitive distortions, humor styles, and depression. Europe's Journal of Psychology. 12(3), 347-362. doi:10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1118
Robbins, S. P. (2003). Organizational behavior (10th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Roth, S., & Cohen, L. J. (1986). Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress. American Psychologist, 41, 813-819. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.41.7.813
Ruch, W. (1998). Foreword and overview: The old and new look on the sense of humor. In Ruch. W. (Eds.), The Sense of Humor: Explorations of A Personality Characteristic (pp. 3-14). Berlin/NewYork: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ruch, W., & Heintz, S. (2016). The German version of the humor styles Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and overlap with other styles of humor. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 434–455, doi:10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1116
Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2002). An overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of Self Determination Research, 3-36.
Samson, A. C., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Humour as emotion regulation: The differential consequences of negative versus positive humour. Cognition and Emotion, 26(2), 375-384. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2011.585069
Saucier, G. (1994). Mini-markers: A brief version of Goldberg’s unipolar big-five markers. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63(3), 506-516. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6303_8
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219.
Schellenberg, B. J. I., Gaudreau, P., & Croker, P. R. E. (2013). Passion and coping: Relationships with changes in burnout and goal attainment in collegiate volleyball players. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 35, 270-280. doi: 10.1123/jsep.35.3.270
Schuler, R. S. (1980). Definition and conceptualization of stress in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 25(2), 184-215. doi: 10.1016/0030-5073(80)90063-X
Secades, X. G., Molinero, O., Salguero, A., Barquin, R. R., Vega, R. D. L., & Marquez, S. (2016). Relationship between resilience and coping strategies in competitive sport. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 122(1), 336-349. doi: 10.1177/0031512516631056
Seifert, K. (2006). Managing stress and trauma: A dance of life. New York: ELECTRONIC & Database Publishing, Inc.
Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.
Shuster, S. (2012). The evolution of humor from male aggression. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 5, 19–23. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S29126
Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents' emotion regulation in daily life: Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74, 1869-1880. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-8624.2003.00643.x
Skinner, N., & Brewer, N. (2004). Adaptive approaches to competition: Challenge and positive emotion. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26, 283–305. doi: 10.1123/jsep.26.2.283
Smith, R. E. (1980). A cognitive approach to stress management training for athletes. In C. Nadeau, W. Halliwell, K. Newell, & G., Roberts (Eds.). Psychology of Motor Behavior and Sport (pp. 54-73). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Anxiety and behavior. New York: Academic press.
Spielberger, C. D. (2010). State‐Trait anxiety inventory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sprecher, S., & Regan, P. C. (2002). Liking some things (in some people) more than others: Partner preferences in romantic relationships and friendships. Journal of Personal and Social Relationships, 19, 463-481. doi: 10.1177/0265407502019004048
Steinberg, F., & Doppelmayr, M. (2015). A brief note on the relationship between anxiety and performance in scuba diving in adolescents: A field study. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 120(3), 960-970. doi: 10.2466/10.25.PMS.120v16x6
Suls, J., & Fletcher, B. (1985). The relative efficacy of avoidant and non-avoidant coping strategies: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 4, 249-288. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.4.3.249
Svebak, S. (1996). The development of the sense of humor questionnaire: From SHQ to SHQ-6. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 9, 341–361. doi: 10.1515/humr.1996.9.3-4.341
Taher, D., Kazarian, S. S., & Martin, R. A. (2008). Validation of the Arabic Humor Styles Questionnaire in a community sample of Lebanese in Lebanon. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 552-564. doi: 10.1177/0022022108321177
Thompson, P. S., Dengerink, H. A., & George, M. (1987). Noise-induced temporary threshold shifts: The effects of anticipatory stress and coping strategies. Journal of Human Stress, 13, 32-38. doi: 10.1080/0097840X.1987.9936792
Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1993). Development and validation of a multidimensional sense of humor scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 13–23. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199301)49:13.0.CO;2-S
Thorson, J. A., Powell, F. C., Sarmany-Schuller, I., & Hampes, W. P. (1997). Psychological health and sense of humor. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53, 605–619. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199710)53:63.0.CO;2-I
Tobin, O. L., Holroyd, K. A., Reynolds, R. V., & Wigal, J. K. (1989). The hierarchical factor structure of the coping strategies inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 13, 343-361. doi: 10.1007/BF01173478
Vaillant, G. E. (1977). Adaptation to life. Toronto: Little, Brown, & Co.
Vaillant, G. E. (2000). Adaptive mental mechanisms. Their role in a positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 89–98. doi: 10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.89
Vaughan, J., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Arnau, R. C. (2014). Self-esteem instability and humor styles: Does the stability of self-esteem influence how people use humor? The Journal of Social Psychology, 154, 299-310. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2014.896773
Walker, I. J., & Nordin-Bates, S. M. (2010). Performance anxiety experiences of professional ballet dancers: The importance of control. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 14(4), 133-145.
Wang, J., Marchant, D., & Morris, T. (2004). Coping style and susceptibility to choking. Journal of Sport Behavior, 27(1), 75-92. doi: AN:13143081
Weiten, W. (1986). Psychology applied to modern life (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Weiss, M. R., & Stuntz, C. P. (2004). A little friendly competition: Sport and physical activity contexts. In M. R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 165-196). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
White, R. W. (1974). Strategies of adaptation: An attempt at systematic description, In G. V. Coelho, D. A. Hamburg and J.E. Adams (eds), Coping and Adaptation (pp. 47–68). New York: Basic Books.
Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self confidence upon sport performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 443-457. doi: 10.1080/0264041031000101809.
Yalçın, İ., Özmaden, M., & Yıldız, Y. (2017). Investigation of humor styles of national athletes in terms of some variables. Annals of "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati - Fascicle XV: Physical Education and Sport Management, 2, 71-76.
Yaprak, P., Güçlü, M., & Durhan, T. A. (2018). The happiness, hardiness, and humor styles of students with a bachelor's degree in sport sciences. Behavioral Sciences, 8(9), 82. doi: 10.3390/bs8090082
Yerlikaya, E. E. (2003). Mizah Tarzları Ölçeği’nin (The Humor Styles Questionnaire) Uyarlama Çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana, 37.
Yip, A. J., & Martin, R. A. (2006) Sense of humor, emotional intelligence, and social competence. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 1202-1208. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.005
Zeigler-Hill, V., Mccabe, G. A., & Vrabel, J. K. (2016). The dark side of humor: DSM-5 pathological personality traits and humor styles. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 363–376, doi:10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1109
Zillman, D. (1983). Disparagement humor. In P. E. McGhee & J. H. Goldstein (Eds.), Handbook of Humor Research (Vol.1, pp. 85–108). New York: Springer.
Ziv, A. (1984). Personality and sense of humor. New York: Springer.
Ziv, A. (2010). The social function of humor in interpersonal relationships. Society, 47, 11-18. doi: 10.1007/s12115-009-9283-9
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top