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題名:男性與女性受保護管束人再犯理論模式之比較研究
作者:許詩潔
作者(外文):HSU, SHIH-CHIEH
校院名稱:中央警察大學
系所名稱:犯罪防治研究所
指導教授:陳玉書
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2022
主題關鍵詞:性別成年受保護管束人自我控制非正式社會控制機會再犯genderadult paroleeself-controlinformal social controlopportunityrecidivism
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犯罪與再犯之性別差異為發展犯罪學和再犯預測領域重要研究議題,臺灣有關再犯性別差異之長期量化追蹤研究較為不足;本研究主要目的為: (1)瞭解男性與女性受保護管束人犯罪與再犯經驗的共通性與差異、(2)探討再犯影響因子對男性與女性受保護管束人再犯的性別差異、(3)分析性別如何影響再犯理論模型與各影響因子的關係、(4)提出有助於受保護管束人復歸社會之建議。本研究採用陳玉書及林建陽等2000年至2011年期間所蒐集之成年受保護管束人之調查資料與官方資料,運用縱貫性定群研究追蹤853名成年受保護管束人約10年。透過性別與再犯之差異分析,以及男性與女性樣本再犯影響因子之分析,藉此達成研究目的。
研究結果顯示:(1)再犯現象具有性別差異、男性復歸挑戰較高,個人人口特性及自我控制僅對男性於再犯有差異、(2)犯罪具持續性且有性別上的普遍性、藥物使用對再犯行為影響具共通性、官方資料及自陳偏差具穩定性且有性別差異。(3)再犯預測因子具性別差異,正向因子對於再犯行無直接影響,以抑制負向因子降低再犯風險,負向因子部分具有性別差異且機會因素為影響再犯行為的重要預測因子。(4)性別對於預測因子具有普遍差異並有多元影響力、自我控制對社會控制、壓力程度、負向因應、遊樂生活及偏差友伴具深遠影響力、正向因子中自我控制對於再犯有直接影響力,負向因子則為偏差友伴。並發現自我控制理論適宜解釋受保護管束人反社會行為,非正式社會控制影響再犯行為具體而微,正向的因應策略具有性別差異、機會情境因素具有性別差異且為影響再犯的重要因素。研究由研究結論研擬研究建議提供實務單位採參,以期提供男性與女性受保護管束人良好的適應措施。
Gender differences in crime and recidivism are important research issues in developmental criminology and recidivism prediction. However, the number of long-term quantitative studies tracking gender differences in recidivism is limited in Taiwan. This study mainly aims to: (1) understand the generality and differences among offenders and recidivism experiences between male and female parolees; (2) examine gender differences in the influencing factors of parolee’s recidivism; (3) analyze how gender affects the theoretical model of recidivism in relation to each influencing factor; and (4) make recommendations to facilitate social reintegration for parolees. Accordingly, both survey and official data collected by Yu-Shu Chen and Chien-Yang Lin from 2000 to 2011 regarding adult offenders in parole were used to conduct a nearly 10-year-long longitudinal panel study on 853 adult parolees, with a focus on investigating gender differences in recidivism and comparing the influencing factors of recidivism between male and female offenders.
The results showed that: (1) recidivism rates were gender-specific, with male offenders having greater difficulty with social reintegration, and only the recidivism of male offenders being affected by individual demographic characteristics and self-control ability; (2) offenders belonged to both genders , with a gender-independent effect of substance abuse on recidivism, as well as a stable, gender-specific discrepancy between official and self-reported information; (3) there were gender differences in the predictors of recidivism, among which, positive predictors did not directly affect recidivism but reduced recidivism risk by suppressing negative predictors, while opportunity was an important negative predictor of recidivism; and (4) gender had wide-ranging effects on predictors, among which self-control had a profound effect on the influence of social control, stress level, negative coping, negative life events, and deviant peers, with self-control and deviant peers serving as positive and negative predictors to directly affect recidivism, respectively. The study also revealed that: (1) the self-control theory could provide an appropriate explanation of the antisocial behavior of parolees; (2) the informal social control affected recidivism in a specific and subtle manner; and (3) there were gender differences in positive coping strategies and situational/opportunity factors, both of which were important influencing factors of recidivism. Based on the above findings, suggestions were made to provide practical use and future research for male and female parolee’s reentry adaptation.
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