目的：本研究擬由兒童期的行為抑制氣質探討婦女的焦慮與憂鬱是否具有相同的病因。方法：由過去曾在成大醫院婦產科生產並同意參加婦女情緒障礙研究的婦女中，利用半結構式終生診斷晤談，取樣26名單純憂鬱症、52名單純焦慮症、25名曾具焦慮症與憂鬱症以及92名正常組婦女，由其自填中文版兒童期行為抑制量表。結果：四組受試者在其兒童期是否為行為抑制之比例上達顯著差異；單純焦慮症組與混合焦慮症與憂鬱症組之兒童行為抑制比例高於控制組；而單純憂鬱症組則與正常控制組無顯著差異。結論：本研究結果顯示，兒童時期的行為抑制與國人婦女之焦慮症有關；並且，焦慮症與混合焦慮症與憂鬱症者可能具有相同病因，但與單純憂鬱症間則可能具有不同之病因。

　　　　　Objective: This study explored the mechanism responsible for comorbidity of anxiety and depression using behavior inhibition theory. Methods: We recruited 52 women with anxiety only, 26 women with depression only, 25 women with mixed anxiety-depression, and 92 normal women as controls. All subjects were interviewed by a clinical psychologist using the lifetime version of the Modified Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for the initial evaluation of psychopathology, and their final diagnoses were made by a senior psychiatrist. The Retrospective Self-Re-port of Inhibition was used to assess childhood behavioral inhibition and the SCL-90R to examine current levels of depression and anxiety. Results: Subjects with anxiety only and those with mixed anxiety-depression had higher rates of behavior inhibition than did controls, while there was no difference in behavioral inhibition levels between subjects with depression only and controls. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest the behavioral inhibition may be linked to anxiety only and mixed anxiety-depression, but not to depression only.