:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:大學生困擾揭露、非社會支持反應與焦慮及憂鬱之關係研究
作者:藍菊梅 引用關係
作者(外文):Chu-Mei Lan
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商研究所
指導教授:戴嘉南
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2008
主題關鍵詞:困擾揭露非社會支持反應焦慮憂鬱大學生distress disclosurenon-supportive social responsesanxietydepressioncollege students
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:137
大學生困擾揭露、非社會支持反應與焦慮及憂鬱之關係研究
摘 要
本研究目的為探討大學生困擾揭露、非社會支持反應與焦慮及憂鬱之關係,並對焦慮及憂鬱做預測。研究對象為南區十一所大學院校之大學生,於九十六年十二月至九十七年三月間,進行團體施測,共發出1650份問卷,回收1612份,回收率為98%,有效問卷為1540份。研究工具為結構式問卷,包括自擬之「困擾揭露量表」、「非社會支持量表」、「社會支持量表」、「貝氏焦慮量表」及「貝氏憂鬱量表第二版」。研究資料使用SPSS 12.0及AMOS 5.0軟體,分別進行項目分析、積差相關分析、主成分分析、二因子變異數分析、逐步迴歸分析、多變項變異數分析、及結構方程式等統計分析。
本研究之研究結果如下:
(一)大學生的「揭露意圖」與「保持距離」、「責備」及「無效的非社會支持反應,達顯著負相關。
(二)大學生的「揭露意圖」與「焦慮」達顯著負相關。
(三)大學生的「揭露情緒」、「揭露對象」及「揭露意圖」,皆與憂鬱達顯著負相關。
(四)大學生的「保持距離」、「責備」及「無效的」非社會支持反應,皆與焦慮呈現顯著正相關。
(五)大學生的「保持距離」、「責備」及「無效的」非社會支持反應,皆與憂鬱達顯著正相關。
(六)大學生的焦慮與憂鬱達顯著正相關。
(七)大學生的焦慮得分會因「揭露意圖」、「保持距離」、「責備」及「無效的」非社會支持反應,之得分不同而有所差異。
(八)大學生的憂鬱得分會因「揭露情緒」、「揭露對象」、「揭露議題」、「揭露意圖」、「保持距離」、「責備」及「無效的」非社會支持反應,得分不同而有所差異。
(九)預測「焦慮」的重要預測因子為「非社會支持反應」、「揭露意圖」、「揭露議題」及「揭露對象」等,有8.8%的解釋量。
(十)預測「憂鬱」的重要預測因子為「無效的」、「揭露對象」、「責備」、「揭露意圖」及「揭露意圖與非社會支持反應之交互作用」等,可達18.9%的解釋量。
(十一)大學生的困擾揭露、非社會支持反應對焦慮及憂鬱之多變量有顯著影響,大學生焦慮變異的主要來源為「責備」及「無效的」非社會支持反應。憂鬱變異的主要來源為「揭露議題」。
(十二)大學生之困擾揭露及非社會支持反應與焦慮及憂鬱之結構方程式不成立,但修正之非社會支持反應與焦慮之結構方程式,其適配度不足故無法成立。
本研究根據以上研究結果,分別對諮商實務及未來研究上提出具體建議,期待對大學情緒困擾的防治工作有所助益。
關鍵詞:困擾揭露、非社會支持反應、焦慮、憂鬱、大學生
A Study on the Relations among Distress Disclosure, Non-supportive Social Responses, Anxiety and Depression of College Students
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among distress disclosure; non-supportive social responses, anxiety and depression, then predict anxiety and depression of college students. The subjects of this study were college students from universities in the southern area of Taiwan. The subjects were assessed by group measurements in which 1,650 copies questionnaire were sent out and 1,612 were retrieved from December, 2007 to March, 2008. The validity rate was 98%. The instruments used were structural questionnaires including distress disclosure, non-supportive social responses, social support, Beck anxiety inventory, and Beck depression inventory II. The data was analyzed by SPSS12.0 and AMOS 5.0, through item analysis, product-moment correlation, factor analysis, two-way ANOVA, MANOVA, stepwise regression, and structural equation modeling.
The results obtained are as follows:
1. Disclosure intentions and keeping distance, blaming, and invalid responses of college students have significant negative correlations.
2. Disclosure intentions and anxiety of college students have a significant negative correlation.
3. Disclosure emotions, disclosure subjects, disclosure intentions and depression of college students have negative significant correlations.
4. Keeping distance, blaming, invalid responses, and anxiety of college students have positive significant correlations.
5. Keeping distance, blaming, invalid responses, and depression of college students have significant positive correlations.
6. Anxiety and depression of college students have a significant positive correlation.
7. The anxiety level of college students reach significant difference because of the different scores of disclosure intentions, keeping distance, blaming, and invalid responses.
8. The depression level of college students reach significant difference because of the different scores of disclosure emotions, disclosure subjects, disclosure issues, disclosure intentions, keeping distance, blaming, and invalid responses.
9. The factors predicting anxiety of college students are non-supportive social responses, disclosure intentions, disclosure issues, disclosure subjects, and the interpreted amounts of variance were 8.8%.
10. The factors predicting depression of college students are invalid responses, disclosure subjects, blaming, disclosure intentions, the interactions of disclosure intentions and non-supportive social responses, and the interpreted amounts of variance are 18.9%.
11. Distress disclosure and non-supportive social responses of college students have significant influences in anxiety and depression. The major influences in anxiety are blaming, and invalid responses. The major influence in depression is disclosure issues.
12. The structural equation modeling of distress disclosure, non-supportive social responses, anxiety and depression of college students have insufficient goodness- of -fit.
Based on the above findings, concrete suggestions are offered for counseling practices and future research. These contributions can provide prevention of emotional distress in colleges.
Key words: distress disclosure, non-supportive social responses, anxiety, depression, college students.
參考資料
一、中文部分
王欣怡(2007):轉型中教育大學學生焦慮感之研究。國立台北教育大學教育政策與管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
王海霞、周新霞、徐建平(2005):師範大學生一般自我效能感與狀態焦慮的研究。信陽師範學院學報(哲學社會科學版),25(6),27-19。
尤誌章(2006):青少年人格特質、社交技巧、社會支持與焦慮之研究。大葉大學教育專業發展研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化縣。
中央通訊社(2008):建構校園憂鬱症支援網董氏基金會募款。2008年4月30日,取自http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/ 080429/5/y71.html
中時電子報(2008):女比男多鬱卒啦百萬人有重度焦慮。2008年4月30日,取自http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/ 080501/4/yb98.html
孔繁鐘(譯)(1997):DSM-IV精神疾病的診斷與統計(Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)(第379、408頁、672-6頁)。台北市:合記。(American Psychiatric Association, 1997)
古建男(2006):探討角色壓力、社會支持與工作過勞對高科技產業員工之憂鬱情緒影響研究。領東科技大學經營管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中市。
江信男(2004):罹病嚴重度、自覺健康、社會支持與台灣地區老人憂鬱之關係。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
江文慈(2004):大學生的情緒調整歷程與發展特徵。教育心理學報,35(3),249-268。new window
朱錦鳳(2002):大學生身心適應調查表:指導手冊。台北:心理。
朱源葆(2003):警察人員心理困擾成因之研究。中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。new window
何雪珍(1999):護理科應屆畢業生憂鬱傾向及其與生活壓力、社會支持、自殺傾向之相關性探討。高雄醫學院護理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
吳元蓉(2006):大學生憂鬱、人際親密與自尊之相關研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
吳文嘉(2007):不同依附風格老人之憂鬱與社會支持的關係。東吳大學心理系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
吳明隆(2006):結構方程式—SIMPLIS的應用(頁163-315)。台北市:五南。
吳紅鑾(1995):性別特質與女性憂鬱之關係:路徑模式之應用。高雄醫學大學行為科學研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
吳美惠、翁麗禎、李明濱、王秀紅(2006):重症病患社會支持、互惠性、衝突與憂鬱程度之相關性研究。台灣精神醫學,20(2),116-123。new window
吳家楹(2006):北部地區大專院校護理系學生生活壓力、社會支持與憂鬱程度調查研究。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
吳淑偵(2007):大學生憂鬱現象與相關因素的探討。長庚大學護理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
吳景寬、蔡碧藍(2003):情緒障礙病人之護理。載於黃智妹等著,精神科護理學(頁359-397)。台北:高立。
宋寶萍、魏萍(2005):大學生應對方式與焦慮的相關研究。中國臨床心理雜誌,13(4),452-453。
李文銓(1991):人格特質、工作特性、工作壓力與工作滿足及生理、心理健康狀況之關係探討。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
李良哲(1986):中年男人自我認同的生活目標、生活壓力、內外控與其憂鬱之關係研究。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
李金泉(1994):SAS實務與應用統計分析。台北:松崗。
李佩珊(2006):更年期婦女之內外控人格特質、更年期態度、更年期症狀與憂鬱之相關性研究。長庚大學護理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
李毓娟(1995):大學生的心情經驗及其相關因素之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文,台北市。
李麗娟(2003):焦慮性疾患病人之護理。載於黃智妹等著,精神科護理學(399-432頁)。台北:高立。
李約整、陳建志、許豪沖(2004):焦慮症。基層醫學,19(7),158-163。
林一真(譯)(2000),A. T. Beck和R. A. Steer(著):貝氏焦慮量表指導手冊(Beck Anxiety Inventory)。台北:中國行為科學社。(原著出版於1988)
林彥鴻(2003):焦慮症、憂鬱症及混合焦慮與憂鬱症之婦女在史楚普作業及回想作業上的差異。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文,台南市。
林瑞雅(2006):人際壓力源、尋求社會支持、工作倦怠及員工工作態度之關係:中介歷程之探討。東吳大學心理學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
林擎寰(1994):認知偏誤與負向情緒之關係探討。中原大學心理學系碩士論文,未出版,中壢市。
邱一峰(1996):國中生憂鬱傾向極其相關因素之研究—性別、年籍、家庭狀況、憂鬱與尋求幫助、自殺傾向之關係。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
邱文彬(1998):後形式思考的發展及其與人際關係之容忍性、同理心、自我揭露、自主性之關係。國立政治大學心理系博士論文,未出版,台北市。new window
邱文彬、林美珍(1999):大學生發展成熟的人際關係中親密性能力的發展:自我揭露與自主性之年級與性別差異的探討。教育心理學報,31(1),37-62。new window
邱文彬、林美珍(2000):後形式思考與人際關係之容忍性、同理心、自我揭露、自主性之關係。教育心理學報,32(1),67-94。new window
邱秋雲(2006):透過網路建立愛情關係者之網路使用行為、個人依附型態、自我揭露之初探。2006年11月23日,取自http://teens.theweb.org.tw/iscenter/conference2002/thosis/files/c3_4.doc
邱皓政(2006):量化研究與統計分析。台北:五南。
范傑臣(2003):高中生人際互動與社會支持對網路沈迷的影響—以桃園縣某高中為例。元智大學資訊社會學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
施雅薇(2004):國中生生活壓力、負向情緒調適、社會支持與憂鬱情緒之關連。國立成功大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
徐靜芳(2003):研究生生活壓力、社會支持與身心健康之關係研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
高立人(2005):探討憂鬱青少女的社會支持系統:父親、母親、好朋友、男朋友以及師長的正向支持之保護效果。東吳大學心理學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
唐子俊(2006):校園青少年自殺防治模式比較研究。國立台灣師範大學教育與教育學系博士論文,未出版,台北市。new window
唐珊(2006):門診精神分裂病患憂鬱之相關因素探討。台北醫學大學護理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
張如杏(1992):台北地區高職五專在學青少年之內外控歸因、社會關係及心理健康狀況之探討。國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
張春興(1990):張氏心理學辭典(45頁)。台北:東華。
張紀萍、蔡芸芳、陳月枝、黃秀梨(2002):燒傷病人焦慮極其相關因素。台灣醫學,6(5),661-671。
張淑紅、蕭芝殷、吳思儀、張嫚純、林婉如(2005):“運動與憂鬱症狀相關之研究”-以台大學生為例。醫護科技學刊,7(3),258-266。
陳心怡(譯)(1996),A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer和G. K. Brown(著):貝氏憂鬱量表第二版指導手冊(Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition)。台北:中國行為科學社。(原著第二版出版於1994)
陳正昌、程炳林、陳新豐、劉子鍵(2003):多變量分析方法-統計軟體應用。臺北:五南。
陳若璋(1987):大學生憂鬱症類別與過去重要生活經驗間關係之研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果計畫報告(NSC 76-0301-H002-17)。國立台灣大學理學院心理學系。
陳怡吟(2003):國小兒童知覺父母婚姻關係、個人變項與其情緒困擾之相關研究。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義市。
陳妍如(2001):心臟衰竭病患疾病不確定感與社會支持對心理困擾的影響。中山醫學院醫學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中市。
陳清泉(1990):大學生生活壓力、認知型態與憂鬱傾向相關之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
陳筱瑄(2003):台中縣國中學生內外控人格特質、主觀生活壓力、因應行為與自覺身心健康之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
陳碧玉(2001):身體功能、生活壓力和社會支持與老年憂鬱症之關係。中原大學心理學系碩士論文,未出版,中壢市。
陳靜紋(2005):憂鬱病患自我掌控信念、社會支持與憂鬱程度之相關性及影響因素探討。國立台灣大學護理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
許雅惠、辛宜津(2006):科技大學學生憂鬱情緒之調查研究。正修通識教育學報,3,223-246。new window
教育部南區大專校院輔導工作協調諮詢中心(2007):瞭!南諮。2007年10月2日,取自http://www.nknu.edu.tw/~counsel/index.htm#
教育部全球資訊網(2007):各級學校。2007年10月2日,取自http://140.111.1.22/school/index.htm?open
連金延(2005):老年癌症手術患者手術前後不確定感、社會支持與心理適應之探討。國立台北護理學院護理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
連廷嘉(2004):高危險群青少年橫見量表編製及其應用之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所博士論文,未出版,高雄市。new window
黃芳銘(2004):社會科學統計方法學:結構方程式(109-224頁)。台北市:五南。
黃芳銘(2005):結構方程式:理論與應用(145-380頁)。台北市:五南。
黃金昌(2007):已婚婦女非理性信念與焦慮、憂鬱傾向關係之探討-以求助精神科門診個案為例。高雄師範大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
黃家燊(2004):國小高年級學童內外控信念、父母及教師管教方式與焦慮之相關研究。台北市立師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
黃慧貞(1981):生活壓力歸因型及社會支援與大學生的憂鬱症。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。new window
董氏基金會(2005):大學生主觀生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之相關性調查。2007年9月11日,取自http://www.jtf.org.tw/psyche/ melancholia/survey.asp?This=65&Page=1
董氏基金會(2006):大學生日常生活、網路使用行為與憂鬱傾向之相關性調查。2007年9月11日,取自http://www.jtf.org.tw/ psyche/melancholia/survey.asp?This=66&Page=1
楊永瑞(2004):家人支持對降低考試焦慮與憂鬱的效果;父母情感過渡涉入與親子關係親密度的角色。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
楊牧貞(1981):自我揭露的楔型模式及其相關變項之探討。國立台灣大學心理研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。new window
楊美倫(2003):中風失能患者自我概念、社會支持與憂鬱相關因素之探討。中山醫學大學醫學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中市。
葉美玲(1993):憂鬱情緒成因研究-再探「心理衛生」程式之可行性。國立台灣大學心理學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
葉雅馨、林家興(2006):台灣民眾憂鬱程度與求助行為的調查研究。中華心理衛生期刊,19(2),125-148。new window
趙芳玫(2003):高中職學生的焦慮與憂鬱傾向之探討--以台北縣地區為例。國立台北大學統計學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
劉怡汝(2005):停經階段、負向生活事件及社會支持對婦女憂鬱症狀之影響。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
劉淑娟(1987):護理學生自我實現、社會支持、焦慮特質與焦慮狀態之關係。國防醫學院護理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
劉樹斐(2000):自尊的多面向對大學生憂鬱與攻擊行為的影響。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
潘秀霞(2007):焦慮症患者生病與復原經驗之研究—以六位病友自助團體之會員為例。南華大學生死學研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義市。
蔡春金(2005):脊椎損傷者自我概念社會支持與憂鬱症狀之相關研究。美和技術學院健康照護研究所碩士論文,未出版,屏東縣。
蔡嘉慧(1998):國中生的社會支持、生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學類研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
鄭惠萍(2003):雙親教養態度、人格特質、社會支持、生活事件與青少年心理健康。國立成功大學護理學系碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
薛幸楷(2006):由線上遊戲探討虛擬社群中信任與自我揭露的相關問題。淡江大學管理學院碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
薛怡青(2001):台灣BBS使用者之自我揭露、名片檔自我呈現意願與暱稱認知之初探。國立交通大學傳播所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
謝玲玉(2000):由兒童期與成人期依附關係探討婦女憂鬱與焦慮之共病。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
謝惠玲(1999):自費安養機構老人社會支持與身體健康、憂鬱之相關性探討。中山醫學院醫學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中市。
藍菊梅(2006):社區諮商進皆實習心得報告—對個人中心取向治療的反思。輔導季刊,42(2),45-50。new window
藍菊梅、戴嘉南、汪素真(2006):醫院護理人員情緒經驗與求助態度研究。美和學報,25(2),123-140。
龔韋旭(1999):逢甲大學新生的焦慮與憂鬱評量的統計分析模式。逢甲大學統計與精算研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中市。
二、英文部分
Abby, A., Abramis, D. J., & Caplan, R. D. (1985). Effects of different sources of social support and social conflict on emotional well-being. Basic and Applied social Psychology, 6 (2), 111-129.
Albrecht, A. T., & Herrick, C. (2006). 100 questions & answers about depression (p.201). London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Alansari, B. M. (2006). Gender differences in anxiety among undergrates from sixteen Islamic countries. Social Behavior and Personality, 34(6), 651-660.
Anchor, K. N., Sandler, H. M., & Cherones, J. H. (1977). Maladptive antisocial aggressive behavior and outlets for intimacy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 947-949.
Antonucci, T. C., Lansford, J. E., Akiyama, H., Smith, J., Baltes, M. M., Takahashi, K., Furher, R., & Dartigues, J. F. (2002). Differences between men and women in social relations, resource, deficits, and depressive symptomatology during later life in four nations. Journal of Social Issue, 58(4), 767-783.
Barlow, D. H. (1988). Emotions and anxiety. In D. Barlow (Ed.), Anxiety and its disorders (pp.32-72). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression causes and treatment (pp.3-207). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders (pp.47-86). New York: International Universities Press.
Beck, A. T., Brown, G., Steer, R. A., Eidelson, J. I., & Riskind, J. H. (1987). Differentiating anxiety and depression: A test of the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96(3), 179-183.new window
Beck, A. T., & Emery, G.. ( 1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective(pp.3-36). New York: Basic Books.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893-897.
Beth, D. U., Cathy, B. C., & Elizabeth, H. (2005). Formation of and adherence to a self-disclosure norm in an online chat. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 8(2), 114-120.
Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H.(1984). Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877-891.
Bourne, E. J. (2005). Major causes of anxiety disorders. In E. J. Bourne (Ed.), The anxiety & phobia workbook. (4th ed., pp.30-52). CA: Raincoast Books.
Brody, L. R. (1985). Gender different in emotional development a review of theories and research. Journal of Personality, 53 (2), 102-134.
Brown, E. C., & Guy, R. F. (1983). The effects of sex and Machiavellianism on self-disclosure patterns. Social Behaviour and Personality, 11(1), 93-96.
Cai, S. (2000). Physical exercise and mental health: A content integrated approach in coping with college students’ anxiety and depression. Physical Educator, 57(2), 69-76.
Chelune, G. J., & Sultan, F. (1984). Self-disclosure patterns in clinical and nonclinical couples. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(1), 213-215.
Chiou, W. B. (2006). Adolescents’ sexual self-disclosure on the internet: Deindividuation and impression management. Adolescence, 41(163), 547-561.
Cho, Y., & Telch, M. J. (2005). Testing the cognitive content- specificity hypothesis of social anxiety and depression: An application of structural equation modeling. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(4), 399-416.
Cimarolli, V. R., & Wang, S. W. (2006). Differences in social support among employed and unemployed adults who are visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 100(9), 545-556.
Cleary, A. (2005). Death rather than disclosure: Struggling to be a real man. Irish Journal of Sociology, 14(2), 155-176.
Coates, A., & Winston, T. (1987). The dilemma of distress disclosure. In V. J. Derlega & J. H. Berg (Eds.). Self-disclosure (pp.229-256). New York: Plenum.
Cochran, S. V., & Rabinowtz, F. E. (2000). Men and depression: Clinical and empirical perpectives (pp.13-48). Lodon: Academic Press.
Coker, A., Smith, P. H., Thompson, M. P., McKeown, R. E., Bethea, L., & Davis, K. E., (2002). Social support protects against the negative effects of partner violence on mental health. Journal of Women’s Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 11(5), 465-476.
Collins, N. L., & Miller, L. C. (1994). Self-disclosure and liking: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 116(3), 457-475.
Corey, G. (2001). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (pp.70-73, 151-153, 300-315). CA: Brooks/Coles.
Cozby, P. C. (1973). Self-disclosure: A literature review. Psychological Bulletin, 79, 73-91.
Dallinger, J. M., & Prisbell, M. (1981, November). The relationship between uncertainty level and self-disclosure over time. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the speech communication association, Anaheim, CA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 212 022 )
Derlega, V. J., Metts, S., Petronio, S., & Margulis, S. T. (1993). Self-disclosure (pp.44-112). Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Dolgin, K. G., & Lindsay, K. R. (1999). Disclosure between college students and their siblings. Journal of Family Psychology, 13(3), 393-400.
Edelmann, R. J. (1992). Theorectical Considerations. In R. J. Edelmann(Ed.), Anxiety Theory, Research and Intervention in Clinical and Health Psychology (pp.19-44). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Eskin, M. (1999). Social reactions of Swedish and Turkish adolescents to a close friend’s suicidal disclosure. Social Psychiatry Epidemiology, 34, 492-497.
Eskin, M. (2003). A cross-cultural investigation of the communication of suicidal intent in Swedish and adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 44, 1-6.
Evans, L., & Wertheim, E. H. (2002). An examination of willingness to self-disclose in women with bulimic symptoms considering the context of disclosure and negative affect levels. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(3), 344-348.
Figueiredo, M. I., Fries, E., & Ingram, K. M. (2004). The role of disclosure patterns and unsupportive social interactions in the well-being of breast cancer patients. Psycho-Oncology, 13, 96-105.
Finch, J. F., Okun, M. A., Pool, G. J., & Ruehlman, L. S. (1999). A comparison of the influence of conflictual and supportive social interactions on psychological distress. Journal of Personality, 67, 581-621.
Finkelstein, E., & Levy, B. R. (2006). Disclosure of holocaust experiences: Reasons, attributions, and health implications. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(1), 117-140.
Foubert, J. D., & Sholley, B. K. (1996). Effects of gender, gender role, and individualized trust on self-disclosure. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11(5), 277-288.
Geller, J. D. (2003). Self-disclosure in psychoanalytic-existential therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(5), 541-554.
Gilbert, P. (1992). Depression: The evolution of powerlessness (p.28). East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Grange, C. M., Matsuyama, R. K., Ingram, K. M., Lyckholm, L. J., & Smith, T. J. (2008). Identifying supportive and responses of others: Perspectives of African American and Caucasian cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 26(1), 81-99.
Gray, J. A. (1982). The neuropsychology of Anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippo-campal system (p.12). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Greenberg, L. S., & Watson, J. C. (2006). Emotion-Focused Therapy for depression (pp.91-116). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Greenberg, R. L. (1989). Panic disorder and agoraphobia. In J. Scott, J. G. Williams, & A. T. Beck (Eds.), Cognitive therapy in clinical practice (p.25). New York: Routledge.
Haley, W. E., LaMonde, L. A., Han, B., Burton, A. M., & Schonwetter, R. (2003). Predictors of depression and life satisfaction among spousal caregivers in hospice: Application of a stress process model. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 6(2), 215-224.
Hinson, J. A., & Swanson, J. L. (1993). Willingness to seek help as a function of self-disclosure and problem severity. Journal of Counseling & Development, 71, 465-470.
Howes, M., & Hokanson, J. E. (1979). Conversational and social responses to depressive interpersonal behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 625-634.
Hupcey, J. E. (1998). Clarifying the social support theory-research linkage. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 1231-1241.
Ingram, K. M., Betz, N. E., Mindes, E. J., Schmitt, M. M., & Smith, N. G. (2001). Unsupportive responses from others concerning a stressful life event: Development of the unsupportive social interactions inventory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20(2), 173-207.
Ingram, K. M., Jones, D. A., Fass, R. J., & Neidig, J. L. (1999). Social support and unsupportive social interactions: their association with depression among people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 11(3), 313-329.
Ingram, R. E., & Malcarne, V. L. (1995). Cognition in depression and anxiety same, different, or a little of both? In K. D. Craigo & S. K. Dobson (Eds)., Anxiety and Depression in adults and children (pp.37-56). New Delhi:Sage.
Jourard, S. M., & Lasakw, P. (1971). A research approach to self-disclosure. In S. M. Jourard (Ed.), The transparent self (pp.211-227). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Kahn, J. H., & Hessling, R. M. (2001). Measuring the tendency to conceal versus disclose psychological distress. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, (1), 41-65.
Kahn, J. H., Acter, J. A., & Shambaugh, E. J. (2001). Client distress disclosure, characteristics at intake, and outcome in brief counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(2), 203-211.
Kalichman, S. C., DiMarco, M., Austin, J., Luke, W., & DiFonzo, K. (2003). Stress, social support, and HIV-state disclosure to family and friend among HIV-positive men and women. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 26(4), 315-332.
Kilmann, P. R., Carranza, L. V., & Vendemia, J. M. C. (2006). Childhood discipline, perceptions of parents, and current functioning in female college students. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 73-88.
Klerman, G. L. (1986). Emotional and personality development in normal adolescents and young adults. In G. L. Klerman (Ed.), Suicide and depression among adolescents and young adults (pp.19-52). Boston: American Psychiatric Press.
La Greca, A. M., & Harrison, H. M. (2005). Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 49-61.
Lascaster,B. P. (1999). Defining and interpreting suppressor effects: Advantages and limitations. Abstract retrieved May 11 2008, from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb =true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Suppressor+Variables%22
Larson, D. G.., & Chastain, R. (1990). Self-concealment: Conceptualization, measurement, and health implications. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 9(4), 439-455.
Lakey, B., Tradiff, T. A., & Drew, J. B. (1994). Negative social interactions: Assessment and relations to social support, cognition, and psychological distress. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 13(1), 42-62.
Lazarus, R. S., & Lazarus, B. N. (1994). Passion and Reason: Making sense of our emotions (pp.46-48, 82-83). New York: Oxford University Press.
Levesque, M. J., Stsciuk, M., & Ledley, C. (2002). Self-disclosure patterns among well-acquainted individuals: Disclosurers, confidants and unique relationships. Social Behavior and Personality, 30(6), 579-592.
Lindsey, B. J., Fugere, M., Chan, V. (2001). Psychological and emotional reactions of college students to September 11, 2001. College Student Journal, 41(3), 558-571.
Lunsky, Y., & Bramston, P. (2006). A preliminary study of perceived stress in adults with intellectual disabilities according to self-report and informant ratings. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 31(1), 20-27.
Major, B., & Gramzow, R. H. (1999). Abortion as stigma: Cognitive and emotional implications of concealment. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 77(4), 735-745.
Manne, S., & Schnoll, R. (2001). Measuring Supportive and unsupportive responses during cancer treatment: A factor analytic assessment of the partner responses to cancer inventory. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24(4), 297-321.
McDowell, I., & Newell, C.(1987). Measuring health: A guide to rating scalesand Questionnaires and questionnaires(p.155, 162). New York: Oxford University Press.
Meij, A. M. M., Kelder, H., & Flier, H. A. D. (2005). Latent-trait latent-class analysis of self-disclosure in the work environment. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 40(4), 435-459.
Mindes, E. J., Ingram, K. M., Kliewer, W., & James, C. A.(2002). Longitudinal analyses of the relationship between unsupportives social interactions and psychological adjustment among women with fertility problems. Social Science & Medicine, 56, 2165- 2180.
Ogden, J. A., & Strumer, G.. V. (1984). Emotional strategies and their relationship to complaints of psychosomatic and neurotic symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(3), 772-779.
Okun, M, A., Finch, J. F., & Kasje, W. N. (2000). Does age moderate the relation between social negativity and psychological distress?: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 6(4), 233-247.
Okun, M. A., & Lockwood, C. M. (2003). Does level of assessment moderate the relation between social support and social negativity? A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25(1), 15-35.
Omarzu, J. (2000). A disclosure decision model: Determining how and when individuals will self-disclose. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(2), 174-185.
Quatman, T., & Swanson, C. (2002). Academic self-disclosure in adolescence. Genetic General Psychology Monographs, 128(1), 47-75.
Papini, D. R., & Farmer, F. F. (1990). Early adolescent age and gender differences in patterns of emotional self-disclosure to parents and friends. Adolescence, 25(100), 959-976.
Petrak, J. A., Doyle, A. M., Smith, A., Skinner, C., & Hedge, B. (2001). Factors associated with self-disclosure of HIV serostatus to significant others. British Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 69-79.
Pierce, G. R. (1994). The quality of relationships inventory assessing the interpersonal context of social support. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarson (Eds.), Communication of social support (pp.247-264). Lodon: Sage.
Porter, L. S., Keefe, F. J., Hurwitz, H., & Faber, L. S. (2005). Disclosure Between patients with gastrointestinal cancer and their spouses. Psycho-Oncology, 14, 1030-1042.
Radcliffe, A. M., Lumley, M. A., Kendall, J., Stevenson, J. K., & Beltran, J. (2007). Written emotional disclosure: testing whether social disclosure matters. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 26(3), 362-384.
Raktis, M. E., Koese, G. F., & Tereshko, O. (1995). Negative social interactions, distress, and depression among those caring for a seriously and persistently mentally III relative. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(2), 279-299.
Sacco, W. P., Milana, S., & Dunn, V. K. (1985). Effect of depression level and length of acquaintance on reactions of others to a request for help. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(6), 1728-1737.
Sacco, W. P., & Hokanson, J. E. (1982). Depression and self-reinforcement in a public and a private setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 377-385.
Schuster, T. L., Kessler, R. C., & Aseltine, R. H. Jr. (1990). Supportive interactions, negative interactions, and depression mood. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18(3), 423-438.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1978). Depression and learned helplessness. In H. M. Van Praag (Ed.), Research in neurosis (pp.72-107). New York: SP Medical & Scientific Books.
Shinn, M., Lehmann, S., & Wong, N. W. (1984). Social interaction and social support. Journal of Social Issues, 40(4), 55-76.
Silverman(1993). DSM and classification of anxiety disorder in children and adults. In C. G.. Last, (Ed.), Anxiety across the lifespan : a developmental perspect (pp.7-36). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Simonds, S. L. ( 2001). Depression and women (pp.19-48). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Smith N. G., & Ingram, K. M. (2004). Workplace heterosexism and adjustment among Lesbian, gay, and bissexual individuals: The role of unsupportive social interaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1), 57-67.
Snell, W. E., Miller, R. S., & Belk, S. S. (1988). Development of the emotional self- disclosure scale. Sex Roles, 18(1-2), 12-73.
Song, Y. S., & Ingram, K. M. (2002). Unsupportive social interactions, availability of social support, and coping: Their relationship to mood disturbance among African Americans living with HIV. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 19(1), 67-87.
Steer, R. A., Rissmiller, D. J., Ranieri, W. F., & Beck, A. T. (1993). Structure of the computer-assisted Beck Anxiety Inventory with psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 60(3), 532-542.
Stein, L. B., & Brodsky, S. L. (2001). When infants wail: Frustration and gender as variables in distress disclosure. The Journal of General Psychology, 122(1), 19-27.
Stiles, W. B., Schuster, P. L., & Harrigan, J. A. (1992). Disclosure and anxiety: A test of the fever model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(6), 980-988.new window
Strack, S., & Coyne, J. C. (1983). Social confirmation of dysphoria: Shared and private reactions to depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(4), 798-806.
Suslow, T. (1998). Differential validity of the Gottschalk-Gleser Anxiety Scales: Is gender a moderator variable? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 9-13.
Varge, C. A., Sherman, G. G., & Jones, S. A. (2005). HIV-disclosure in the context of vertical transmission: HIV-positive mothers in Johannesburg, South Africa.AIDS Care, 18(8), 952-960.
Williams, B., & Healy, D. (2001). Disclosure of minor mental health problems: an exploratory theoretical study. Journal of Advanced Nursing,35(1), 108-116.
Williams, J. M. G., Watt, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). The cognitive approach to emotional disorders. In J. M. G. Williams, F. N. Watts & C. Macleod (Eds.), Cognitive Psychology and Emotional disorders (pp. 1-15). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE