在日本，對廠商存在著許多的政府管制及指導方針。根據總務廳的精確報告，在1993年共有11，402項的政府許可及執照制度。這意味著個人「選擇職業的自由」或是「經濟活動的自由」必須受政府嚴格的管制。另一方面，依日本憲法的精神，經濟活動的自由，就如同精神活動的自由與免於奴役的自由般，是屬於自由權的範圍。依此脈絡，經濟活動的自由也就是個人拒絕國家干涉的權利。因此這些管制的合法化就變成了爭論的議題。而本文便是試著以法的觀點來探討此一問題。

In Japan, the government has many regulations and guidelines for firms. According to the Management and Coordination Agency's report, there are precisely 11,402 government permits and licenses in 1993. It means that individual's "freedom of choose an occupation" or "freedom of economic activities" has to be severely regulated by the government. On the other hand, within Japanese Constitutional theory, freedom of economic actives is c1assifiedas one of the rights to freedom, such as freedom of mental activities and freedom from bondage. In this context, freedom of economic activities is the individual's right to reject interference of the state. Therefore, the legitimation of these regulations becomes an arguable issue. This paper attempts to discuss this issue from the viewpoint of law.