給他魚，不如教他釣魚：引導學習障礙生成為自律學習者_

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題名：	給他魚，不如教他釣魚：引導學習障礙生成為自律學習者
書刊名：	特殊教育季刊
作者：	施淑慎
作者(外文)：	Shih, Shu-shen
出版日期：	2003
卷期：	87
頁次：	頁18-26
主題關鍵詞：	學習障礙；自律學習；學習策略
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:12

　　學習障礙生與一般成就學生相比，往往較缺乏有效的自律學習策略以監控、調節自我的學習歷程，而傳統的補救教學模式不論是強調感覺統合的訓練或是行為學派取向均有其侷限。本文從「給他魚，不如教他釣魚」的觀點出發，主張對學習障礙者的教育除了知識內容的教導外，「學習如何學習」（亦即自律學習能力的培養）也十分重要。文中先介紹何謂自律學習，以及自律學習者擁有的種種特質，以說明協助學習障礙生建立「自我導向回饋」迴圈作為有效學習機制之重要性，其後則列舉包括目標設定、自我監控、自我增強以及建構有利的學習環境幾項自律策略之指導原則，供學習障礙教育工作者參考。期盼經由這類自律策略的學習，使學習障礙生在學習能力與自我效能上皆能有所提昇。

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Garner, R.(1990)。When children and adults do not use learning strategies: Toward a theory of settings。Review of Educational Research，60(4)，517-529。
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4.	Graham, S.、Harris, K. R.、Reid, R.(1992)。Developing self-regulated learners。Focus on Exceptional Children，24(6)，1-16。
5.	Trawick, L.、Corno, L.(1995)。Expanding the volitional resources of urban community college students。New directions for teaching and learning，63，57-70。
6.	Schunk, D. H.(1985)。Participation in goal setting: Effects on self-efficacy and skills of learning-disabled children。The Journal of Special Education，19(3)，307-317。
7.	Conca, L.(1989)。Strategy choice by LD children with good and poor naming ability in a naturalistic memory system。Learning Disability Quarterly，12，97-106。
8.	Ford, C. E.、Pelham, W. E.、Ross, A. D.(1984)。Selective attention and rehearsal in the auditory short-term memory task performance of poor and normal readers。Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology，12，127-142。
9.	Graham, S.、Freeman, S.(1985)。Strategy training and teacher versus student-controlled study conditions: Effects on learning disabled students' spelling performance。Learning Disability Quarterly，8，267-274。
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12.	Hoehn, T. P.、Baumeister, A. A.(1994)。A critique of the application of sensory integration therapy to children with learning disabilities。Journal of Learning Disabilities，27(6)，338-350。
13.	Johnson, L.、Graham, S.(1990)。Goal setting and its application with exceptional learners。Preventing School Failure，34，4-8。
14.	Ley, K.、Young, D. B.(2001)。Instructional principles for self-regulation。Educational Technology, Research and Development，49(2)，93-104。
15.	Licht, B. G.(1983)。Cognitive-motivational factors that contribute to the achievement of learning-disabled children。Journal of Learning Disabilities，16(8)，483-490。
16.	Puntambekar, S.(1995)。Helping students learn "how to learn" from texts: Towards an ITS for developing cognition。Instructional Science，23，163-182。
17.	Reeve, R. A.、Brown, A. L.(1985)。Meta-cognition reconsidered: Implications for intervention research。Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology，13，343-356。
18.	Reid, R.、Harris, K. R.(1989)。Self-monitoring of performance。LD Forum，15，39-42。
19.	Schunk, D. H.(1989)。Self-efficacy and cognitive achievement: Implications for students with learning disabilities。Journal of Learning Disabilities，22，14-22。
20.	Swanson, H. L.(1983)。Relations among meta-memory, rehearsal activity and word recall of learning disabled and non-disabled readers。British Journal of Educational Psychology，53，186-194。
21.	Swanson, H. L.(1987)。Information processing theory and learning disabilities: An overview。Journal of Learning Disabilities，20，3-7。
22.	Zimmerman, B. J.(1986)。Becoming a self-regulated learner: Which are the key sub-processes?。Contemporary Educational Psychology，11(4)，307-313。
23.	Bandura, A.、Simon, K.(1977)。The role of proximal intentions in self-regulation of refractory behavior。Cognitive Theory and Research，1(3)，177-193。
24.	Butler, Deborah L.、Winne, Philip H.(1995)。Feedback and self-regulated learning: A theoretical synthesis。Review of Educational Research，65(3)，245-281。
25.	Winne, P. H.(1995)。Inherent details in self-regulated learning。Educational Psychologist，30(4)，173-187。
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27.	Locke, E. A.、Shaw, K. N.、Saari, L. M.、Latham, G. P.(1981)。Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980。Psychological Bulletin，90(1)，125-152。
28.	Zimmerman, Barry J.(1989)。A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning。Journal of Educational Psychology，81(3)，329-339。

會議論文
1.	Pressley, M.、Goodchild, F.、Fleet, J.、Zajchowski, R.、Evans, E.(1987)。What is good strategy use and why is it hard to teach? An optimistic appraisal of the challenges associated with strategy instruction。The annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association。Washington, DC。

圖書
1.	Zimmerman, Barry J.、Schunk, Dale H.(1989)。Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theory, research, and practice。Springer-Verlag。
2.	洪儷瑜(1995)。學習障礙者教育。心理。延伸查詢
3.	Schunk, D. H.(1991)。Learning theories: An educational perspective。New York：Macmillan Publishing Company。
4.	Reid, D. K.(1988)。Teaching the learning disabled: a cognitive developmental approach。Allyn and Bacon。

圖書論文
1.	Lan, W. Y.(1998)。Teaching self-monitoring skills in statistics。Self-regulated learning: From teaching to self-reflective practice。New York：Guilford。
2.	Licht, B. G.、Kistner, J. A.(1986)。Motivational problems of learning-disabled children: Individual differences and their implications for treatment。Psychological and educational perspectives on learning disabilities。Orlando, Florida。
3.	Brown, A. L.、DeLoache, J. S.(1978)。Skills, plans, and self-regulation。Children's thinking: What develops?。Hillsdale, N.J.：Erlbaum。
4.	Zimmerman, Barry J.(1994)。Dimensions of academic self-regulation: A conceptual framework for education。Self-regulation of learning and performance: Issues and educational applications。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.。
5.	Zimmerman, Barry J.(1989)。Models of self-regulated learning and academic achievement。Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theory, research, and practice。Springer-Verlag。
6.	Borkowski, J. G.、Kurtz, B. E.(1984)。Meta-cognition and special children。Applications of cognitive developmental theory。New York：Academic Press。
7.	Flavell, J. H.、Wellman, H. M.(1977)。Meta-memory。Perspectives on the development of memory and cognition。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。
8.	Graham, S.、Harris, K. R.(1989)。Cognitive training: Implications for written language。Cognitive behavioral psychology in the schools: A comprehensive handbook。New York：Guilford。
9.	McCombs, B. L.(1989)。Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: A phenomenological view。Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theory, research, and practice。New York：Springer Verlag。
10.	Paris, S. G.、Lindauer, B. K.(1982)。The development of cognitive skills during childhood。Handbook of developmental psychology。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice Hall。
11.	Corno, L.(1994)。Student volition and education: Outcomes, influences, and practices。Self-regulation of learning and performance: Issues and educational applications。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
12.	邱上真(1993)。認知學派的學習理論。學習輔導。臺北市：心理。延伸查詢

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