社會福利改革的效應--美國地方社會福利政策的再思__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	社會福利改革的效應--美國地方社會福利政策的再思
書刊名：	空大行政學報
作者：	李翠萍
作者(外文)：	Lee, Tsuey-ping
出版日期：	2003
卷期：	13
頁次：	頁105-134
主題關鍵詞：	社會福利；地方社會福利政策；系統思考；系統動力學；Social welfare；Local social welfare policy；System thinking；System dynamics
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:60

美國之社會福利支出，在一九三五年社會安定法通過之後日益增加，聯邦政府不斷亟思改革之道，直至一九九六年柯林頓政府的社會福利改革，徹底顛覆了美國社會福利的本質，除欲藉此重新整頓龐雜的社福系統，並期能控制成長中的社福支出。然而，此改革的目標能否如預期達成，眾說紛紜。本研究企圖以系統動力學中回饋機制的觀點，分析社會福利系統內主要行動者間的互動關係，並藉此探討系統內部導致政策目標無法達成的原因。研究結果發現，社會福利改革的部份政策，會啟動系統中某些回饋機制，導致非預期效應的出現，而抵銷了政策的預期效應，使政策的預定目標無法全然達成。本研究認為，透過宏觀的角度，可以幫助決策者對社福政策的效應有較全面的了解。

以文找文

The social welfare expenditures in the U.S. have increased dramatically since the Social Security Act of 1935. Though various stages of innovation, the social welfare reform of 1996 under Clinton Administration changed the nature of the social welfare system completely.The objective of the reform is not only to rearrange the massive welfare system, but also to mitigate the increase in welfare expenditures. Therefore, weather the reform could reach its pre-set goals is of great concern. This study builds on the tradition of studying the feedback mechanisms that generate unintended policy outcomes with the aim of improving policy innovations. The model in this research elucidates feedback mechanisms where welfare policies that were intended to achieve goals touch off unforeseen consequences. This research examines the dynamic impacts and consequences of various policies by analyzing the interactions among major welfare actors, and therefore provides the information regarding the factors causing past policies' failure to control the welfare expenditures. By means of information provided by this study, policy makers will have a more comprehensive view about welfare policy effects.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Blank, Rebecca M.(1985)。The Impact of State Economic Differentials on Household welfare and Labor Force Behavior。Journal of Public Economics，28(1)，25-58。
2.	Moffitt, Robert A.(1992)。Incentive Effects of the U.S. Welfare System: A Review。Journal of Economic Literature，30(1)，1-61。
3.	Andersen, David F.(1983)。A System Dynamics Simulation of Educational Finance Policies。Simulation，40(6)，227-235。
4.	Andersen, David F.(1990)。Analyzing Who Gains And Who Loses: The Case of School Finance Reform in New York State。System Dynamics Review，6(1)，21-43。
5.	Edelman, Peter(199703)。The Worst Thing Bill Clinton Has Done。The Atlantic Monthly，279(3)，44-58。
6.	Katz, Jeffrey L.(1996)。GOP Prepares To Act On Governors' Plan。Congressional Weekly Report，54(7)，394-395。
7.	Newcombe, Tod(1998)。Welfare's New Burden: Feds Tie Down States With Data Reporting Requirements。Government Technology，11(4)，13-15。
8.	Gramlich, Edward M.、Laren, Deborah S.(1984)。Migration and Income Redistribution Responsibilities。Journal of Human Resources，19(4)，489-511。
9.	Southwick, Lawrence, Jr.(199110)。Public Welfare Programs and Recipient Migration。Southern Economic Journal，40，22-32。

研究報告
1.	Citizens Budget Commission(1997)。Final Report of the Budget 2000 Project。New York, NY：Citizens Budget Commission。

學位論文
1.	Lee, Tsuey(2000)。The Dynamics of New York State Welfare Finance at the County Level: A Feedback View of System Behavior(博士論文)。State University of New York at Albany。

圖書
1.	Peterson, Paul E.(1995)。The Price of Federalism。The Brookings Institution Press。
2.	Friedlander, D.、Burtless, G.(1995)。Five Years After: The Long-Term Effects of Welfare-to-Work Programs。New York：Russell Sage Foundation。
3.	Appeal, Gary Louis(1972)。Effects of A Financial Incentive on AFDC Employment: Michigan's Experience Between July 1969 and July。Minneapolis, Minnesota：Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies。
4.	Center for Policy Research(199710)。Welfare reform project: Report of the model calibration meeting in Dutchess County。Albany, NY：Nelson A. Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy, University at Albany, State University of New York。
5.	Center for Policy Research(199804)。Welfare reform project: Parameter booklet for the combined TANF and Safety-net model of Dutchess County。New York, Albany, NY：Nelson A. Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy, University at Albany, State University of New York。
6.	Committee on Ways and Means, U. S. House of Representatives(1996)。House of Representatives. Green Book: Overview of Entitlement Programs。Washington, D.C.：Government Printing Office。
7.	Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives(1998)。1998 Green Book。Washington, DC：Government Printing Office。
8.	Dobelstein, Andrew W.(1986)。Politics, Economics, and Public Welfare。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice-Hall, Inc.。
9.	Hagen, J. L.、Lurie, Irene(1994)。Implementing JOBS: Progress。Albany, NY：Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government。
10.	Legislative Commission on Expenditure Review(1985)。Local Social Services Administrative Costs, Program Audit。Albany, New York：New York State Legislature。
11.	Levine, Linda(1994)。Jobs for Welfare Recipients。Washington, D.C.：Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress。
12.	Nathan, Richard、Maxwell, Terrence(1999)。After Welfare: A Study of Work and Benefit Use After Case Closing. Interim Report Submitted to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services。Albany, NY：The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government。
13.	Office of the State Comptroller, NYS(1997)。New York State Department of Social Services, Food Stamp Program's Administrative Costs。Albany, NY：Division of Management Audit, NYS。
14.	Rosen, Harvey S.(1996)。Public Finance。Chicago, IL：Irwin。
15.	Smith, Vernon K.(1974)。Welfare Work Incentives: The Earnings Exemption and Its Impact Upon AFDC Employment, Earnings, and Program Costs。Lansing, MI：Michigan Department of Social Services。
16.	Steuerle, C. Eugene、Mermin, Gordon(1997)。Devolution as Seen from the Budget。Washington, D.C.：The Urban Institute。
17.	U.S. General Accounting Office(1995)。Welfare to Work: Most AFDC Training Programs Not Emphasizing Job Placements。Washington, D.C.：Government Printing Office。
18.	Fisher, Ronald C.(1996)。State and Local Public Finance。Chicago, IL：Richard D. Irwin。
19.	Richardson, George P.、Pugh, Alexander L. III(1981)。Introduction to System Dynamics Modeling with DYNAMO。Productivity Press。

圖書論文
1.	Gold, Steven D.(1995)。Spending Policies and Revenue Trends Compared。The Fiscal Crisis of the States: Lessons for the Future。Washington, D.C.：Georgetown University PressPress。
2.	Lerman, Robert(1995)。Increasing the Employment and Earnings of Welfare Recipients。Welfare Reform: An Analysis of the Issue。Washington, D.C.：Urban Institute。
3.	Sterman, John D.(1988)。A Skeptic's Guide to Computer Models。Managing a Nation: The Microcomputer Software Catalog。Boulder, CO：Westview Press。
4.	Forrester, Jay W.、Senge, Peter M.(1980)。Tests for building confidence in system dynamics models。System Dynamics。New York：North-Holland。
5.	Meadows, Donella H.(1980)。The unavoidable a priori。Elements of the System Dynamics Method。Waltham, MA：Cambridge MA：Pegasus Communications：Productivity Press。

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