探討科學史融入國小「自然與生活科技」領域教學對國小四年級學童了解科學本質之影響。分別在「力」、「水中生物」、「光合作用」及「地球的形狀及運行」等教學單元中，選取適合的科學史料，編寫合宜的教材，訂定教學目標，在適當處設計一些相關的問題討論，來引導學生深思科學的本質。以研究者本身所任教之國小學童為研究對象，透過實際教學、錄影帶、學習單、研究群所開發的國小學童科學本質問卷和學童科學本質晤談工具等多元評量工具等進行分析，藉以瞭解學生對科學本質瞭解的改變情況。 結果顯示融入科學史教學有助於提昇學生對科學本質之理解，研究者也提出對教學上及未來研究上的建議。

　　　　　The research was to investigate the influence on 4th-grade elementary students’ understanding of the nature of science through integrating the history of science into elementary school teaching in the domain of “Science & Life-Technology”. Within “ The Power ”, “ The Living Things in The Water ”, “Photosynthesis” and “ The Shape And The Revolution of The Earth ” courses, we chose adequate materials on the history of science, developed the supplementary teaching materials, set the teaching goals and designed the questions to guide students to discuss the nature of science. The participants were the researcher’s students. We conducted the analysis through multiple assessment instruments such as teaching activities, teaching videotapes, students’ workbooks, the survey data, the researching group to develop and revise the quantitative evaluative and interview instrument of the nature of science to understand the change of the students’ understanding of the nature of science. The results showed that the teaching models integrating the history of science into the elementary school teaching could enhance the participants’ understanding of the nature of science. The researchers also gave suggestions to teaching and research in the future.