末期腎疾病患的治療方式以血液透析為最普遍，因疾病與治療帶來的壓力源值得探討。本研究係針對全國13縣市2760位長期血液透析病患進行問卷調查，期望了解長期血液透析病患的最大壓力源及其與病患個人資料屬性間的相關性。結果發現，壓力源對病患影響程度平均值為0.9，其中病患覺得最具影響者依序為飲水限制、睡眠困擾、開刀接動/靜脈血管、疲倦及食物限制，最不具影響者為生育能力減退，病患宗教信仰及導致透析主因等個人資料與整體壓力源影響程度間呈現顯著相關。透過本研究將可幫助臨床工作人員了解長期血液透析病患的需求，提供適時、適人、適地的適切照護，以幫助病患達到最好復健之效果。

Hemodialysis is the most common treatment for end-stage renal diseases. We evaluated the factors associated with the stressors for end-stage renal disease and hemodialysis by questionnaires. Two thousand seven hundred and sixty patients with long-term hemodialysis from 13 cities in Taiwan were enrolled. The average stress score was 0.9 (ranged from 0-3 score on questionnaires). The most important stressors included fluid restriction, sleep disorder, operation for arteriovenous shunt, fatigue and fluid restriction. The least important factors were sexual dysfunction and role conflict. Besides, age, dialysis duration, marital status, occupation, religion, transportation service and comorbidities were correlated significantly with stressors. The patients' characteristics were good predictors for stressors. The results will be useful for dialysis staff to manage patients' stressors as well as to improve the staff-patient relationship.