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題名：不同市場結構下排放權交易機制分析
書刊名：農業經濟半年刊
作者：魏國棟／何昇融
作者(外文)：Wey, Kwo-dong／He, Sheng-rung
出版日期：2004
卷期：75
頁次：頁61-82
主題關鍵詞：市場結構；排放權交易機制；動態最適理論；Emission trading；Market structure；Dynamic optimization
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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工業生產所排放的溫室氣體與全球氣候變遷有密切的關聯性，因此，溫室氣體排放量的抑制成為世界各國急需解決的重要議題。排放權交易（emission trading）為1997年京都議定書所建議的一項政策。雖然Hahn（1984）與Westskog（1996）以靜態與不完全競爭市場為分析基礎，但以往對於該項政策的研究多以靜態與完全競爭市場分析為主（Baumol and Oates, 1971；Montgomery, 1972）。Rubin （1996）、Kling and Rubin （1977）則探討跨期排放權交易政策的可行性與其影響，不過仍然建立在完全競爭的排放權市場結構上。本研究則於動機體系下分析不同市場結構（即完全競爭與不完全競爭）的排放權交易機制。 本研究發現若商品市場、傳統要素市場與排放權交易市場均為完全競爭結構，則所有廠商的邊際防治成本都相同，且其跨期的排放權交易市場具有成本效率性；則在穩定狀態均衡下，若所有廠商的總排放權稟賦固定，廠商間排放權稟賦分配原則不會影響防治成本效率性。但若具有價格制訂能力的優勢廠商為排放權交易市場的獨賣者，則當經濟體系為穩定狀態均衡時，優勢廠商的排放權需求價格彈性為-1，故改變優勢廠商的排放權稟賦會影響個別廠商的防治成本與所有廠商的總防治成本。可知主管單位可以透過降低優勢廠商的排放權稟賦，而降低所有廠商的總防治成本。
The emission of greenhouse gases has significant impacts on the global climate change. The issue of CO₂ reduction has become an important role for most countries in the world. Emission trading is one of important policies proposed in 1997 Kyoto Protocol. Even Hahn (1984) and Westskog (1996) concluded that the emission trading market was static but imperfect competition, most previous studies assumed that the market of emission trading was static and perfect competition (Baumol & Oates, 1971; Montgomery, 1972). Rubin (1996) and Rubin & Kling (1997) began to treat the market of emission trading was dynamic and perfect competition. This study employs the theory of dynamic optimization to analyze the mechanism of emission trading under the perfect competition and oligopoly respectively. This study concludes that the marginal CO₂ abatement cost for each firm is equal when all of three markets, general commdity, traditional factor and emission trading, are perfect competition. And the equilibrium solution of the intertemporal emission market is cost effectiveness. Besides, in the steady state, if the total emission endowment is constant, the rule of distribution of emission endowment among the competitive firms will not affect the cost effectiveness. However, for the monopoly, the dominant firm decides the price of emission permit. The demand elasticity of emission permits is -1 in the steady state. Thus, the cut-down of initial emission endowment of the dominant firm will affect each firm's abatement cost and reduce the total abatement costs for all firms.
期刊論文
1.Rubin, J.、Kling, C.(1997)。Bankable Permits for the Control of Environmental Pollution。Journal of Political Economy，64，101-115。  new window
2.Coase, R. H.(1937)。The Problem of Social Cost。Journal of Law and Economics，3，1-44。  new window
3.Lerner, A. P.(1934)。The concept of monopoly and the measurement of monopoly power。The Review of Economic Studies，1(3)，157-175。  new window
4.Hahn, R. W.(1984)。Market Power and Transferable Property Rights。Quarterly Journal of Economics，99，753-765。  new window
5.Misiolek, W. S.、Elder, H. W.(1989)。Exclusionary Manipulation of Markets for Pollution Rights。Journal of Environmental Economics and Management，16(2)，156-166。  new window
6.Rubin, J. D.、Kling, C.(1993)。An Emission Saved is an Emission Earned: An Empirical Study of Emission Banking for Light-Duty Vehicle Manufacturers。Journal of Environmental Economics and Management，25(3)，257-274。  new window
7.Montgomery, W. David(1972)。Markets in licenses and efficient pollution control programs。Journal of Economic Theory，5(3)，395-418。  new window
8.Rubin, J. D.(1996)。A Model of Intertemporal Emission Trading, Banking, and Borrowing。Journal of Environmental Economics and Management，31(3)，269-286。  new window
9.Hagem, C.(1996)。Joint Implementation Under Asymmetric Information and Strategic Behavior。Environmental and Resource Economics，8，431-447。  new window
10.Falk, I.、Mendelsohn, R.(1993)。The Economics of Controlling Stock Pollutants: An Efficient Strategy for Greenhouse Gases。Journal of Environmental Economics and Management，25，76-88。  new window
11.Tirole, J.、Laffont, J. J.(1996)。Pollution Permits and Environmental Innovation。Journal of Public Economics，62，127-140。  new window
12.Nordhaus, W. D.(1991)。To Slow or Not to Slow: The Economics of the Greenhouse Effect。The Economic Journal，101(407)，920-937。  new window
13.Westskog, H.(1996)。Market Power in a System of Tradable CO2 Quotas。The Energy Journal，17(3)，85-103。  new window
14.魏國棟(2002)。排放權交易、跨國聯合減量與減量成本極小化。農業經濟叢刊，8(1)，57-73。  延伸查詢new window
15.賴麗瑩(1998)。聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第三次締約國大會之後續發展分析。能源季刊，30(3)，2-18。  延伸查詢new window
16.魏國棟(2003)。氣候變遷與因應經濟政策工具：文獻回顧。經濟研究（臺北大學經濟學系），39(1)，27-69。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Baumol, W. J.、Oates, W. E.(1971)。The Use of Standards and Prices for Protection of the Environment。The Swedish Journal of Economics，7(1)，45-54。  new window
18.Ekins, P.(1995)。Rethinking the Costs Related to Global Warming: A Survey of the Issues。Environmental and Resource Economics，6，231-277。  new window
19.Farzin, Y. H.、Tahvonen, O.(1996)。Global Carbon Cycle and the Optimal Time Path of a Carbon Tax。Oxford Economic Papers，48(4)，515-536。  new window
20.Goulder, L.(1995)。Effect of Carbon Taxes in an Economy with Problems: How the Patient Followed The Doctor's Orders。The Journal of Economic Perspectives，3，95-144。  new window
21.Hagem, C.、Westakog, H.(1998)。The Design of a Dynamic Tradable Quota System Under Market Imperfections。Journal of Environmental Economics and Management，36(1)，89-107。  new window
22.Matsuhashi, R.、張未、Ishitani, H.(1999)。A Study on Systems for a Clean Development Mechanism to Reduce CO2 Emissions。Environmental Economics and Policy Studies，2(4)，289-303。  new window
23.Painiuly, Jyoti P.(2001)。The Kyoto Protocol, Emission Trading and the CDM: An Analysis from Developing Countries Perspective。The Energy Journal，22(3)，147-169。  new window
24.Tietenberg, T.(1980)。Transferable Discharge Permits and the Control of Stationary Source Air Pollution: A Survey and Synthesis。Land Economics，56(4)，391-416。  new window
25.Williams, M.(1995)。Global Warming and Carbon Taxation: Optimal Policy and the Role of Administration Costs。The Energy Economics，17(4)，319-327。  new window
26.Wirl, F.、Huber, C.、Walker, I. O.(1998)。Joint Implementation: Strategic Reactions and Possible Remedies。Environmental and Resource Economic，12(2)，203-224。  new window
27.張中祥(1998)。Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading and the Word Trading System。Journal of Word Trade，32(5)，219-239。  new window
會議論文
1.吳再益、林唐裕(1997)。我國課徵碳稅之可性研究。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
2.張四立(1996)。臺灣地區CO2減量承諾及政策選擇對經濟層面的影響評估。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.Tietenberg, T.、Grubb, M.、Michaelowa, A.、Swift, B.、張中祥(1999)。International Rules for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading: Defining the Principles, Modalities, Rules and Guidelines for Verification, Reporting & Accountability。0。  new window
研究報告
1.吳再益、李堅明、賴英崑(1999)。建立溫室氣體排放權交易制度之規劃研究。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
2.李堅明(2000)。我國空氣污染物之排放權交易制度建置。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
3.Jorgenson, D.、Yun, K. Y.(1990)。The Excess Burden of Taxation in the U. S.。Cambridge, MA。  new window
學位論文
1.楊曙聰(1999)。排放權交易、跨國聯合減量與市場結構，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
2.張明芳(1996)。污染排放許可權交易市場之經濟效果分析，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Tietenberg, Tom、Tietenberg, T.(2000)。Environmental and Natural Resource Economics。New York, NY：Harper Collins Publisher。  new window
2.Jorgenson, D.、Wilcoxen, P.(1995)。Reducing U. S. Carbon Emissions: An Econometric General Equilibrium Assessment。CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
3.Tietenberg, Thomas H.(1985)。Emissions Trading: An Exercise in Reforming Pollution Policy。Washington, DC：Resources for the Future, Inc.。  new window
4.Kamien, M. I.、Schwartz, N. L.(1991)。Dynamic Optimization: The Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control in Economics and Management。Amsterdam：New York：North-Holland。  new window
5.Dales, J. H.(1968)。Pollution, Property and Prices。Toronto：University of Toronto Press。  new window
6.Cline, W. R.(1992)。The Economics of Global Warming。The Economics of Global Warming。Washington, DC。  new window
7.李堅明(2001)。因應新經濟發展之產業競爭力提升策略：以排放交易制度設計為例。因應新經濟發展之產業競爭力提升策略：以排放交易制度設計為例。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
8.Petrakis, E.、Sartzetakis, E. S.、Xepapadeas, A.(1999)。Environmental Regulation and Market Power。Environmental Regulation and Market Power。Elgar, U.S.。  new window
 
 
 
 
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