Boshan Tone Sandhi__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	Boshan Tone Sandhi
書刊名：	Taiwan Journal of Linguistics
作者：	林蕙珊
作者(外文)：	Lin, Hui-shan
出版日期：	2004
卷期：	2:2
頁次：	頁75-125
主題關鍵詞：	博山方言；連讀變調
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:41 點閱:99

本篇論文的主旨在於討論漢語方言中，博山方言的連讀變調現象。深究的重點是博山方言連讀變調現象中難以預測的變調方向性及變調方向性背後之意義。本篇論文所採用的理論模式是優選理論。本文認為，博山變調的方向性基本上是由左而右。因為這個方向性可以使得輸出聲調和其參考的聲調（base）比較相同。當這個方向性會衍生出高度有標（highly marked）的形式時，連讀變調規則就會轉而由右而左運作。變調的方向性可以由音韻制約（markedness constraint）和輸出－輸出信實制約（OO-faithfulness constraint）之間的排列順序而得到預測。變調方向性背後的動機最主要是為了促成輸出聲調和其參考聲調之間的對應性。為了達成這個對應關係，變調規則必須由左而右運作。不過，這個對應性的達成並非全然無條件的。當連讀變調現象中更高的準則會因對應性的達成而受到違反時，變調的規則就會由相反的方向運行。

以文找文

This paper investigates the tone sandhi phenomenon in Boshan, which is remarkable for its seemly unpredictable rule application directionalities observed in tri-tonal strings. Based on the constraint-based theory of OT, this paper shows that the rule application directionalities in Boshan are by no means ungoverned. Normally tone sandhi applies from left to right for identity reasons, unless highly marked forms would be generated. In that case, tone sandhi applies reverselyfrom right to left. Thus, the rule application directionalities are naturally predicted by the interaction of the identity and markedness constraints. The investigation of the issue of directionality in Boshan also supports the view that identity preservation between prosodically related outputs is important in tone sandhi. The output-to-output correspondence relation may force a tonal output to deviate from the canonical surface patterns of the language, so that it becomes more like a tonal base to which it prosodically relates. Identity preservation is highly respected in tone sandhi, unless this would produce forms that are highly marked.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	McCarthy, John J.(1999)。Sympathy and phonological opacity。Phonology，16，331-399。
2.	包智明(2003)。Tone, Accent, and Stress in Chinese。Journal of Linguistics，39，147-166。
3.	Chen, Matthew Y.(1987)。The syntax of Xiamen tone sandhi。Phonology Yearbook，4，109-150。
4.	Speer, Shari R.、Shih, Chilin、Slowiaczek, Maria L.(1989)。Prosodic Structure in Language Understanding: Evidence From Tone Sandhi in Mandarin。Language and Speech，32(4)，337-354。
5.	陳淵泉(1987)。A symposium on Tianjin tone sandhi: introductory remarks。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，15，203-227。
6.	Duanmu, San(1994)。Against Contour Tone Units。Linguistic Inquiry，25(4)，555-608。
7.	Snider, Keith L.(1990)。Tonal upstep in Krachi: evidence for a register tier。Language，66(3)，453-474。
8.	Li, Xingjian、Liu, Sixun(1985)。Tone sandhi in the Tianjin dialect。Studies of the Chinese Language，1，76-80。
9.	Zhang, Zheng Sheng(1987)。The paradox of Tianjin: Another look。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，15(2)，247-273。
10.	Yip, Moira(1989)。Contour Tones。Phonology，6(1)，149-174。
11.	陳淵泉(20041000)。Changting Hakka Tone Sandhi: Analytical Challenges。語言暨語言學，5(4)，799-820。延伸查詢
12.	McCarthy, John J.、Prince, Alan(1995)。Faithfulness and reduplicative identity。University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics，18，249-384。
13.	Truckenbrodt, Hubert(1999)。On the Relation between Syntactic Phrases and Phonological Phrases。Linguistic Inquiry，30(2)，219-255。
14.	包智明(1999)。Tonal contour and register harmony in Chaozhou。Linguistic Inquiry，30，485-492。
15.	Gerken, LouAnn(1996)。Prosodic structure in young children’s language production。Language，72(4)，683-711。
16.	McCarthy, John(1997)。Process specific constraints in Optimality Theory。Linguistic Inquiry，28，231-251。
17.	Shattuck-Hufnagel, Stefanie、Turk, Alice E.(1996)。A prosody tutorial for investigators of auditory sentence processing。Journal of Psycholinguistic Research，25(2)，193-247。
18.	Truckenbrodt, Hubert(1994)。The OCP, underspecification, and articulatory faithfulness。MIT Working Papers in Linguistics，21，355-371。

會議論文
1.	McCarthy, John、Prince, Alan(1994)。The emergence of the unmarked: Optimality in prosodic morphology。The 24th Annual Meeting of the North East Linguistic Society。Amherst, MA：Graduate Linguistic Student Association Publications。333-379。
2.	Tsai, Jane、Myers, James(1996)。Taiwanese tone sandhi as allomorph selection。The Twenty Second Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society。Berkeley, California：Berkeley Linguistics Society。394-405。
3.	Zoll, Cheryl(1998)。Positional asymmetries and licensing。Washington, D. C.。

研究報告
1.	Prince, Alan S.、Smolensky, Paul(2004)。Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar。Malden, MA。

學位論文
1.	Horwood, Graham(2000)。Anti-Identity and Taiwanese Tone Sandhi。
2.	林蕙珊(2000)。An Optimality Theoretic approach to tone sandhi in Mandarin, in Taiwanese, and in Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixing，Taipei。
3.	端木三(1990)。A formal study of syllable, tone, stress and domain in Chinese languages(博士論文)。MIT，Cambridge。
4.	Beckman, Jill N.(1998)。Positional Faithfulness(博士論文)。Massachusetts Institute of Technology。
5.	Yip, Moira Jean(1980)。The Tonal Phonology of Chinese(博士論文)。Massachusetts Institute of Technology。
6.	Benua, Laura(1997)。Transderivational Identity: Phonological Relations between Words(博士論文)。University of Massachusetts Amherst。
7.	Shih, Chi-Lin(1986)。The prosodic domain of tone sandhi in Chinese(博士論文)。University of California San Diego。
8.	Zoll, Cheryl(1996)。Parsing below the Segment in a Constraint Based Framework，Berkeley。

圖書
1.	Snider, Keith L.(1999)。The Geometry and Features of Tone。
2.	蕭宇超(1995)。閩南語連讀變調與韻律音韻學理論。臺北：臺灣學生書局。延伸查詢
3.	陳淵泉(2000)。Tone sandhi: Patterns across Chinese dialects。Cambridge：Oxford University Press。
4.	Nespor, Marina、Vogel, Irene(1986)。Prosodic Phonology。Dordrecht：Berlin：Foris：Walter de Gruyter。
5.	Yip, Moira Jean Winsland(2002)。Tone。Cambridge University Press。
6.	蕭宇超(19910000)。Syntax, Rhythm and Tone: A Triangular Relationship。臺北市：文鶴。延伸查詢
7.	Selkirk, Elisabeth O.(1984)。Phonology and Syntax: The Relation between Sound and Structure。MIT Press。
8.	林蕙珊(2005)。Prosodic correspondence in tone sandhi。UST Working Papers In Linguistics。
9.	Qian, Zengyi(1993)。Studies in the Boshan Dialects。Studies in the Boshan Dialects。Beijing。
10.	Selkirk, Elisabeth O.(1986)。On Derived Domains in Sentence Phonology。Phonology Year Book 3。
11.	Shi, Feng(1990)。On Tianjin tones and their sandhi behavior。Studies in Tone and Stops。
12.	Shi, Feng(1990)。Tianjin tones and their sandhi behavior-revisited。Studies in Tone and Stops。

單篇論文
1.	McCarthy, John(1995)。Extensions of faithfulness: Rotuman revisited，Amherst：University of Massachusetts。，http://works.bepress.com/john_j_mccarthy/59，。
2.	McCarthy, John J.，Prince, Alan S.(1993)。Prosodic morphology I: Constraint interaction and satisfaction，Amherst, MA：University of Massachusetts。
3.	Harrikari, Heli(1999)。The gradient OCP–tonal evidence from Swedish，http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/roa.html。

其他
1.	Buckley, Eugene(1995)。Constraint domains in Kashaya，Stanford。
2.	林蕙珊(2000)。Layered OCP, unparsed preposition, and local constraint conjunction in Mandarin tone sandhi。
3.	林蕙珊(2002)。Tianjin tone sandhi，Taipei。
4.	林蕙珊(2003)。Identity and Tianjin tone sandhi，Australia。
5.	林蕙珊(2004)。Conflicting directionalities in Tianjin tone sandhi。
6.	Selkirk, Elisabeth O.(1984)。(Dis)juncture in sentence phonology as a temporal phenomenon，Eisentadt。
7.	Tsay, Jane(1991)。Tone sandhi in Taiwanese。
8.	葉美娜(2002)。Phonological markedness and allomorph selection in Zahao，Taipei。

圖書論文
1.	McCarthy, John J.、Prince, Alan S.(1999)。Faithfulness and identity in Prosodic Morphology。The prosody-morphology interface。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
2.	McCarthy, John J.、Prince, Alan S.(1993)。Generalized alignment。Yearbook of Morphology 1993。Dordrecht：Kluwer。
3.	葉美娜(1995)。Tone in East Asian languages。The Handbook of Phonological Theory。Oxford。
4.	Chen, Matthew Y.(1999)。Directionality constraints on derivation?。The Derivational Residue in Phonological Optimality Theory。John Benjamins Publishing Company。
5.	Lombardi, Linda(2001)。Why Place and Voice Are Different: Constraint-Specific Alternations in Optimality Theory。Segmental phonology in Optimality Theory: Constraints and Representations。Cambridge University Press。
6.	Benua, Laura(1995)。Identity Effects in Morphological Truncation。Papers in Optimality Theory。Amherst, MA：Graduate Linguistic Student Association Publications。
7.	Selkirk, Elizabeth O.(1995)。The prosodic structure of function words。University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics: Papers in Optimality Theory。Amherst：GLSA。
8.	Hyman, Larry M.(1993)。Register tones and tonal geometry。The phonology of tone: The representation of tonal register。Mouton de Gruyter。
9.	McCarthy, John J.、Prince, Alan S.(1995)。Prosodic morphology。The Handbook of Phonological Theory。Blackwell。
10.	Hayes, Bruce(1990)。Precompiled Phrasal Phonology。The Phonology Syntax Connection。University of Chicago Press。

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