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引文資料
題名:
Directionality in Chengdu Tone Sandhi
書刊名:
Concentric: Studies in Linguistics
作者:
林蕙珊
作者(外文):
Lin, Hui-shan
出版日期:
2006
卷期:
32:1
頁次:
頁31-67
主題關鍵詞:
成都話
;
連讀變調
;
二字組
;
三字組
;
四字組
;
變調方向性
;
優選理論
;
Chengdu
;
Tri-tonal sandhi
;
Quadri-tonal sandhi
;
Directionality
;
Optimality theory
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相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
7
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
42
點閱:67
本篇論文的主旨在於討論漢語方言中,成都話的連讀變調現象。
深究的重點是成都話連讀變調現象的變調方向性及變調方向性背後之
意義。成都話三字組的變調方向性有由右而左和由左而右兩種;其變
調方向性完全不受構詞句法結構的影響。不過,在四字組時,成都話
的變調方向卻又轉而受到構詞句法結構左右。本文根據優選理論分析
後認為,成都話三字組的變調方向性基本上是由右而左。因為這個方
向性可以使得輸出聲調和其參考的聲調(base)比較相同。當這個方
向性會衍生出高度有標(highly marked)的形式時,連讀變調規則就
會轉而由左而右運作。變調的方向性可以由音韻制約(markedness
constraint)和輸出-輸出信實制約(OO-faithfulness constraint)之間
的排列順序而得到預測。而在四字組方面,我們認為成都話四字組的
變調之所以轉而受到構詞句法結構的影響是因為,成都話限制其聲調
範疇不得大於三個音節之故。當輸入聲調大於三音節時,輸入的聲調
會拆成較小的範疇。在將聲調拆成較小的範疇時並非武斷的,而是根
據構詞句法結構。
以文找文
This paper examines tone sandhi in Chengdu, which is a southwestern Mandarin
dialect spoken in Sichuan Province, China. The investigation of the tone sandhi
phenomena reveals some rather interesting properties of Chengdu. First, in tri-tonal
strings, both left-to-right and right-to-left tone sandhi operation directionalities are
observed; nonetheless, the operation directionalities appear to be ungoverned. Second,
in quadri-tonal strings, morphosyntactic structures, which are completely functionless
in predicting tone sandhi in tri-tonal strings, start to be respected. In this paper, I
argue that the tone sandhi operation directionality in tri-tonal sandhi is by no means
ungoverned. Normally tone sandhi operates from right to left for identity reasons,
unless marked forms would be generated. In that case, tone sandhi operates reversely
from left to right. Thus, the seemingly unpredictable tonal operation directionality in
tri-tonal strings is naturally captured by the interaction of the identity and the
markedness constraints. As for why morphosyntactic structure starts to take a role in
quadri-tonal sandhi, I argue that Chengdu has an upper limit on the size of the tone
sandhi domain, which is three syllables. When the strings exceed the upper limit of
the domain size, they are divided into independent domains to avoid generating
oversized ones. The division of the strings into different domains is not ad hoc, but is
sensitive to morphosyntactic structures.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
林蕙珊(20041200)。Boshan Tone Sandhi。Taiwan Journal of Linguistics,2(2),75-125。
2.
McCarthy, John J.(1999)。Sympathy and phonological opacity。Phonology,16,331-399。
3.
Hung, Tony T. N.(1987)。Tianjin tone sandhi: Towards a unified approach。Journal of Chinese Linguistics,15,274-305。
4.
Chen, Matthew Y.(1987)。The syntax of Xiamen tone sandhi。Phonology Yearbook,4,109-150。
5.
Speer, Shari R.、Shih, Chilin、Slowiaczek, Maria L.(1989)。Prosodic Structure in Language Understanding: Evidence From Tone Sandhi in Mandarin。Language and Speech,32(4),337-354。
6.
陳淵泉(1987)。A symposium on Tianjin tone sandhi: introductory remarks。Journal of Chinese Linguistics,15,203-227。
7.
Zhang, Ning(1997)。The Avoidance of the Third Tone Sandhi in Mandarin Chinese。Journal of East Asian Linguistics,6(4),293-338。
8.
Hyman, Larry M.、VanBik, Kenneth(20041000)。Directional Rule Application and Output Problems in Hakha Lai Tone。語言暨語言學,5(4),821-861。
9.
Li, Xingjian、Liu, Sixun(1985)。Tone sandhi in the Tianjin dialect。Studies of the Chinese Language,1,76-80。
10.
Zhang, Zheng Sheng(1987)。The paradox of Tianjin: Another look。Journal of Chinese Linguistics,15(2),247-273。
11.
林若望(1995)。Lexical government and tone group formation in Xiamen Chinese。Phonology,11,237-275。
12.
陳淵泉(20041000)。Changting Hakka Tone Sandhi: Analytical Challenges。語言暨語言學,5(4),799-820。
延伸查詢
13.
Gerken, LouAnn(1996)。Prosodic structure in young children’s language production。Language,72(4),683-711。
14.
Shattuck-Hufnagel, Stefanie、Turk, Alice E.(1996)。A prosody tutorial for investigators of auditory sentence processing。Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,25(2),193-247。
15.
Duanmu, San(1992)。End-based theory, cyclic stress, and tonal domains。Chicago Linguistic Society,28(2),65-76。
16.
Hsiao, E. Yuchau(2000)。Optimal tone sandhi in Taiwan southern Min。Hanyu Yanjiu,18。
17.
林蕙珊(2001)。An optimality theoretic approach to Mandarin tone sandhi。Chinese Phonology,10,497-452。
學位論文
1.
Zhang, Zheng-Sheng(1988)。Tone and tone sandhi in Chinese(博士論文)。Ohio State University,Columbus。
2.
Howard, Irwin(1972)。A Directional Theory of Rule Application in Phonology(碩士論文)。Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Massachusetts。
3.
Liu, J.(1987)。Tone Sandhi in the Chinese Dialects(博士論文)。University of Texas,Austin。
4.
林蕙珊(2004)。Directionality in tone sandhi and the effect of identity preservation(博士論文)。National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu。
5.
林蕙珊(2000)。An Optimality Theoretic approach to tone sandhi in Mandarin, in Taiwanese, and in Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixing,Taipei。
6.
Benua, Laura(1997)。Transderivational Identity: Phonological Relations between Words(博士論文)。University of Massachusetts Amherst。
7.
Shih, Chi-Lin(1986)。The prosodic domain of tone sandhi in Chinese(博士論文)。University of California San Diego。
圖書
1.
鄭錦全(1974)。A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese。The Hague, the Netherlands:The Mouton。
2.
蕭宇超(1995)。閩南語連讀變調與韻律音韻學理論。臺北:臺灣學生書局。
延伸查詢
3.
陳淵泉(2000)。Tone sandhi: Patterns across Chinese dialects。Cambridge:Oxford University Press。
4.
Nespor, Marina、Vogel, Irene(1986)。Prosodic Phonology。Dordrecht:Berlin:Foris:Walter de Gruyter。
5.
Yip, Moira Jean Winsland(2002)。Tone。Cambridge University Press。
6.
蕭宇超(19910000)。Syntax, Rhythm and Tone: A Triangular Relationship。臺北市:文鶴。
延伸查詢
7.
Selkirk, Elisabeth O.(1984)。Phonology and Syntax: The Relation between Sound and Structure。MIT Press。
8.
林蕙珊(2005)。Prosodic correspondence in tone sandhi。UST Working Papers In Linguistics。
9.
Selkirk, Elisabeth O.(1986)。On Derived Domains in Sentence Phonology。Phonology Year Book 3。
其他
1.
林蕙珊(2000)。Layered OCP, unparsed preposition, and local constraint conjunction in Mandarin tone sandhi。
2.
林蕙珊(2002)。Tianjin tone sandhi,Taipei。
3.
林蕙珊(2003)。Identity and Tianjin tone sandhi,Australia。
4.
Chen, Matthew Yuanchuan,Yan, Xiu-Hong,Wee, Lian-Hee(2003)。Hakka tone sandhi-Corpus and analytical challenges。
5.
林蕙珊(2005)。Identity preservation in Hakha-Lai tone sandhi。
6.
林蕙珊(2005)。Conflicting directionalities in Tianjin tone sandhi。
7.
Zoll, Cheryl(1998)。Positional markedness, positional faithfulness, and licensing。
圖書論文
1.
葉美娜(1995)。Tone in East Asian languages。The Handbook of Phonological Theory。Oxford。
2.
Lombardi, Linda(2001)。Why Place and Voice Are Different: Constraint-Specific Alternations in Optimality Theory。Segmental phonology in Optimality Theory: Constraints and Representations。Cambridge University Press。
3.
Selkirk, Elisabeth、Shen, Tong(1990)。Prosodic Domains in Shanghai Chinese。The Phonology-Syntax Connection。Chicago:The University of Chicago Press。
4.
Selkirk, Elizabeth O.(1995)。The prosodic structure of function words。University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics: Papers in Optimality Theory。Amherst:GLSA。
5.
Steriade, Donca(1999)。Phonetics in phonology: The case of laryngeal neutralization。Phonology。
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