出土文獻對傳統學術研究具有重要而直接的關聯，對於學術個案的解決也往往具有關鍵性的作用。自王國維提出「二重證據法」以來，首揭文獻考索與出土新證之間的關聯性，對吾人考索文獻，辨章源流頗具啟示。然而，在傳世文獻與出土古籍之間，如何利用新出材料，如何運用正確的態度，在疑古與信古之間，進行多方面的考索，終是一個複雜而又值得深思的課題。因此，本文針對文獻訓釋、字書證補、古籍版本考索、文本的追源潮流、辨偽疑古思潮的衝擊等問題加以闡釋，藉以說明出土新證對文獻考索所具有的影響。

Newly Unearthed Evidences and the Investigation Documents: On the Interpretive Value of Variant Characters Unearthed documents are significantly and directly relevant to the study of traditional Chinese scholarship. They playa crucial role in solving problems in individual academic cases as well. The study on the origin and development of ancient Chinese documents has been greatly illuminated by Wang Guo Wei's "method of double or multiple verifications", which first revealed the relevance between the investigation of existing documents and the new undearthed evidences. However, it remains a complicated and considerable matter to strike a balance between the attitudes of doubting and approving antiquity, and to utilize newly unearthed materials for a full exploration of the extant classics and unearthed documents. This article focuses on the annotation of documents, the proofing and appending of Chinese character, the exploration of ancient editions, the origin-tracing of texts, and the impact of identifying antique texts. While discussing those issues, the author shall illustrate the influence of the new evidences of unearthed documents on the study of documents.