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題名:學習原理在教學上應用之探討
書刊名:醒吾學報
作者:史濟鍠
作者(外文):Shih, Chi-hwang
出版日期:2000
卷期:23
頁次:頁560-539
主題關鍵詞:聯結學習論古典制約學習非制約刺激非制約反應制約刺激制約反應制約操作制約學習工具制約學習強化物嘗試錯誤說練習律準備律效果律操作制約說斯肯納箱被強化強化或強化作用類化辨別消弱現象自動恢復次增強作用認知學習理論符號形態結構型式完形心理學基模適應平衡同化調適教學理論動機原則結構原則順序原則增強原則學習的情境學習的因素學習的條件潛在學習目標預期方位學習概念學習技能學習起點行為認知期定位期中介歷程中介反應自動期思考培育品格培育聯想性思考推理性思考歸納思考演繹思考方向性思考垂直思考水平思考準常規層次常規層次超常規層次學後保留目的性教學說明性教學知覺性教學Association learning theoryLearning of classical conditioningUnconditioned stimulusUnconditioned responseConditioned stimulusConditioned responseConditionedLearning of operant conditioningLearning of instrumental conditioningReinforcerThe theory of trial and errorLaw of exerciseLaw of readinessLaw of effectThe theory of operant conditioned responseSkinner boxReinforcingReinforcementGeneralizationDiscriminationExtinctionSpontaneous recoverySecondary reinforcementCognitive learning theorySignConfigurationStructurePatterningGestalt psychologySchemaAdaptationEquilibrationSituation of learningFactor of learningCondition of learningLatent learningGoal expectancyPlace learningConcept learningSkill learningEntering behaviorCongnitive phaseFixation phaseMediating processMediating responseAutonomous phaseThinking developmentCharacter developmentAssociative thinkingReasoning thinkingInductive thinkingDeductive thinkingDirected thinkingVertical thinkingLateral thinkingPreconventional levelConventional levelPostconventional levelRetention after learningPurposivenessIndicativenessPerceptiveness
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學習心理學是闡釋人類學習行為上一些根本的原理原則,並且隸屬於心理學領域的應用類別中之教育心理學內。 學習心理學中之學習原理,乃是教學理論的基礎,而學校則是刻意安排的學習情境,有計劃地教導學生,向預訂的學目標邁進,以獲致身心與行為之良性變化。因此,老師如何把握學校的狀況,選理想的教育教法,協助學生將學習原理,運用於概念學習、技能學習、思考培育、品格培育及學後保留等五大範疇,自是重大的課題。 學習原理主要在介紹聯結學習論與認知學習論兩學派,而這些原理原則,除了提供理論基礎外,還更能發揮實際效能,推廣在上述的五大範疇,作教學上最佳的應用。基於此動機,試著進行深入地探討,提出扭見,以就教於各方家,敬請多多指正。
Learning Psychology, which is classified as one part of the Psychology of Education, tries to explain some basic principles of human behavior. The principles of Learning Psychology also comprise the fundamental theory of teaching in schools, based on which teachers arrange the teaching situation and plan their teaching so as to achieve the educational goals. As a result, good character and sound minds can be realized in their students. In addition to the above basic principles, The teacher should also his real effect of teaching, which can be extended the five areas of learning: concept learning, skill learning, thinking development, character development, and retention after learning. Based on this motive, I have tried to study further and express my viewpoints in this paper. Your comments will be greatly appreciated.
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