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題名：伊斯蘭教與民主--一個新制度論的分析
書刊名：問題與研究
作者：羅彥傑 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lo, Yen-chieh
出版日期：2005
卷期：44:4
頁次：頁45-73
主題關鍵詞：伊斯蘭；民主；新制度論；世俗化；Islam；Democracy；New institutionalism；Secularization
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:13
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強調政教合一的伊斯蘭教，究竟能不能建立於政教分離基礎上的西方式民主體制相容，迄今猶未有定論。以Samuel P. Huntington為首的西方學者從文明衝突的觀點質疑伊斯蘭教有礙民主，不利於民主制度的發軔與發展。另外也有阿拉伯學者提出「穆斯林例外主義」，強調過去的一段歷史對穆斯林社會有深刻的影響力，它已限定穆斯林的認知與處理基本問題的方式，穆斯林社會不可能演化成民主社會。本文認為這兩種觀點都失之偏頗。本文透過新制度論途徑去探究伊斯蘭教與民主能否相容，經過對古蘭經的分析後發現，大部分的經文其實都與猶太教、基督教的聖經一脈相承，至於伊斯蘭律法的其他三大法源也都具有彈性解釋的空間，因此很難說伊斯蘭教的政治根源有悖於民主原則。然而，穆斯林社會在走向民主化之前，似必須先經歷世俗化的過程，解決內部政治認同的爭議與達到某種程度的政教分立。世俗化與政教分離雖不代表民主化，但卻是民主化的前提。從80年代中期以來，我們已看到中東國家的伊斯蘭團體透過自由選舉在議會裡占有一席之地，或者在選舉尚未開放的國家扮演強有力的反對勢力。本文舉伊朗與土耳其的伊斯蘭運動經驗為例，說明此一將伊斯蘭神學重新詮釋的跡象與趨勢。總之，過去西方殖民的歷史時空背景確實影響到穆斯林對民主的認知，而且這種認知又因當代的以巴衝突、美國介入中東事務而益形複雜。換言之，決定穆斯林社會民主化前途的關鍵不在伊斯蘭教，而可能是強權主導下的國際局勢。
Whether Islam can coexist with Western democracy, based upon the separatoin of politics and religion, remains an issue to speculation. Western scholars led by Samuel P. Huntington opined that Islam hinders the development of democratic institutions from the view of conflicts of civilization. Meanwhile, some Arab scholars labeled the non-democratic phenomenon in Islamic societies as “Muslim Exceptionism,” arguing that certain periods of past influenced Muslim societies heavily that they could condition the perception and way of thinking by Muslims so that their societies cannot evolve towards democracies. This article analyzes this issue through the new institutionalist approach. After studying the Koran, we found that most part of it is congruent with the Bible. Three other sources of Islamic laws are flexible in interpretation. Thus it is difficult to say that the political base of Islam disagrees with the principle of democracy. Muslim societies, however, must experience secularization before democratization, in order to solve the internal debate about indentity. Although secularization cannot equate democratization, it still is the prerequisite for democratization. We have seen Muslim groups in the Middle East compete in free elections or play a rigorous role as opposition. Iran and Turkey are two good examples of such Muslim societies that support the reinterpretation of Islamic theology. In all, the history of Western colonization has influenced the perception of Muslim about democracy. The conflicts between Israel and the Palestine and the American interference further complicate the perception. Despite these, Muslim societies do not necessarily averse to democracy.
期刊論文
1.Abootalebi, Ali Reza(2004)。Iran’s 2004 Parliamentary Election and the Question of Democracy。Iran Analysis Quarterly，1(3)。  new window
2.Huntington, Samuel P.(1993)。If not Civilization, What?: Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World。Foreign Affairs，1993(Nov./Dec.)，186-194。  new window
3.Hofmann, Steven Ryan(2004)。Islam and Democracy: Micro-Level Indications of Compatibility。Comparative Political Studies，6(6)，652-676。  new window
4.郭承天(20020600)。基督教與美國民主政治的建立--新制度論的重新詮釋。人文及社會科學集刊，14(2)，175-209。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Huntington, Samuel Phillips(1993)。The Clash of Civilizations?。Foreign Affairs，72(3)，22-49。  new window
圖書
1.Gellner, E.(1981)。Muslim Society。New York：Muslim Society。  new window
2.Nasr, Seyyed Hossein、王建平(2002)。伊斯蘭。台北：麥田出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.中國回教協會(2000)。古蘭經中文譯解。台北：中國回教協會。  延伸查詢new window
4.定中明(1973)。回教黎明史。台北：華岡出版部。  延伸查詢new window
5.張銘(2002)。現代伊斯蘭復興運動。香港：三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
6.郭承天(2001)。政教分立與制衡。台北：中華福音神學院出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.愛德華．薩依德、王志弘(2001)。東方主義。台北：立緒文化出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.柏納．路易斯、鄭之書(1998)。中東：自基督興起至二十世紀末。台北：麥田出版社。  延伸查詢new window
9.蔡德貴(2001)。當代伊斯蘭阿拉伯哲學研究。北京：人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
10.蔡百銓(1995)。伊斯蘭：教派、律法與聖地。台北：中華民國阿拉伯文化經濟協會。  延伸查詢new window
11.Armstrong, Karen(2001)。War: The Crusades and Their impact on Today's World。New York：Anchor Books。  new window
12.Abootalebi, Ali Reza(2000)。Islam and Democracy: State-Society Relations in Developing Countries, 1980-1994。New York：Garland Pub。  new window
13.劉靖華、東方曉(2000)。現代政治與伊斯蘭。北京：社會科學文獻出版社。  延伸查詢new window
14.Dabashi, Hamid(1993)。Theology of Discontent: the Ideological Foundations of the Islamic Revolution in Iran。New York：New York University Press。  new window
15.Crone, Patricia(1986)。God’s caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
16.Brown, L. Carl(2000)。Religion and the State: the Muslim Approach to Politics。New York：Columbia University Press。  new window
17.Ayubi, Nazih N. M.(1991)。Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World。New York：Routledge。  new window
18.Asad, Muhammad(1980)。The Principles of State and Government in Islam。Gibraltar：Dar al-Andalus。  new window
19.Esposito, John L.(1997)。Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or Reform?。Boulder Colo.：Lynne Rienner Publishers。  new window
20.Esposito, John L.(1996)。Islam and Democracy。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
21.Ghadbian, Najib(1997)。Democratization and the Islamist Challenge in the Arab World Boulder。Colorado：Westview。  new window
22.Mernissi, Fatima(1992)。Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World。Reading, Mass：Addison-Wesley。  new window
23.Karawan, Ibrahim(1997)。The Islamist Impasse。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
24.Karpat, Kemal H.(1959)。Turkey's Politics: The Transition to a Multi-Party System。Princeton, N. J.：Princeton University Press。  new window
25.Moten, A. Rashid(1996)。Political Science: An Islamic Perspective。New York：St. Martin's Press。  new window
26.Mutalib, Hussin、Hashmi, Taj ul-Islam(1994)。Islam, Muslims, and the Modern State: Case Studies of Muslims in Thirteen Countries。New York：St. Martin's Press。  new window
27.Vatikiotis, P. J.(1991)。Islam and the State。London：New York：Routledge。  new window
28.Zubaida, Sami(1993)。Islam, the People and the State: Essays on Political Ideas and Movements in the Middle East。New York：I.B. Tauris & Co.。  new window
29.Esposito, John L.(1991)。Islam and Politics。Syracuse, N.Y.：Syracuse University Press。  new window
30.Said, Edward W.、閻紀宇(2002)。遮蔽的伊斯蘭：西方媒體眼中的穆斯林世界。台北：立緒。  延伸查詢new window
31.Lewis, Bernard(1988)。The Political Language of Islam。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
32.Esposito, John L.(1999)。The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality?。New York：Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
其他
1.(20021122)。Erdogan Campaign in Europe to Get Turkey into Europe。  new window
2.(20030110)。U.S. Troops in Turkey? Neither Yes, or No。  new window
圖書論文
1.Filali-Ansary, Abdou(2001)。Muslims and Democracy。The Global Divergence of Democracies。Baltimore, MD：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
2.Hunter, Shireen T.(1995)。The Rise of Islamist Movements and the Western Response: Clash of Civilizations or Clash of Interests。The Islamist Dilemma: The Political Role of Islamist Movements in the Contemporary Arab World。Berkshire：Ithaca Press。  new window
3.Keyder, Caglar、Benatar, Rezan、Schick, Irvin C.、Margulies, Ronnie(1987)。The Political Economy of Turkish Democracy。Turkey in Transition: New Perspectives。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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