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題名:多元宗教社會的政治傾向:台灣的宗教差異
作者:張榮彰
作者(外文):CHANG, JUNG-CHANG
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:政治系研究所
指導教授:劉從葦
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2019
主題關鍵詞:政教關係教派內容分析深度訪談異營支持者theories of church-state relationshipsreligious sectscontent analysisin-depth interviewsthe dissent within the religious sects
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從1950年代實證理論的政治科學興起以後,宗教因素就成為政治學研究的輕忽變項,主要原因有二:一是政治科學限縮政治學研究的範疇,輕忽規範和形上的問題對社會科學的意義;二是政治學界忽略宗教本身對神論立場的解釋差異,及其可能導致的政治理解後果。由於1990年代以後,國際政教衝突的日趨緊張以及學界在本體論與方法論立場的轉變,使得學界慢慢理解宗教因素對政治態度與價值的影響。這種影響不僅在指出一個政治社會應有的終極圖像,也在提供一個維繫政治社會倫理道德價值的來源及判準,更在建立一套能動者政治行動邏輯的思維系統,而這些最終關係到民主政治的發展。
本文以台灣多元宗教的社會環境為研究對象,根據理論意義選擇長老教會、一貫道、靈糧堂以及慈濟,即是在理解這種多元宗教社會環境對政治態度與價值的影響性。為求完整性及週延性,本文比較了相同神倫、不同神論以及教派內的政治理解差異,發現教派受限於先天教義的約制和後天歷史脈絡詮釋差異等因素的影響,教派不一定都會有政治偏好,但教派所隱含的政治態度與價值都會很大程度地影響信眾的政治行為,包括政黨偏好、兩岸關係、統獨立場、國家認同…等,最後教派會形成不同的政治屬性與政黨偏好。這種屬性與偏好有其神聖性、權威性與專屬性,嚴重的話甚至還有排斥性,而這些最終都會關係到台灣未來政治發展的共識和走向。經驗證據顯示,在解釋與理解台灣政治時宗教並非是一個無用的變項。
不同於其他的研究文獻,本文除了完整比較神論立場對政治的影響之外,還從形上的神學論點出發提供一個釐清政教關係的解釋源頭,並運用了質化與量化的研究方法。總之,本文不僅在建立一個更客觀與深度的政教關係研究模式,也在對政治科學限縮的政治學提出反省,更重要的是提出考察民主政治背後的道德因素。因為一個具有包容性且開放的道德規範,才是使人有尊嚴與理性地生活在一個政治制度裡的重要因素,而宗教正是這個因素的重要源頭及裁量的準則,這也就是本文要研究宗教的最初懸念。
Ever since the Positivism of political science rose in the 1950s, the factor of religion became a useless variable in political research. There were two causes: first, political science shrank the field of politics, as to ignore the meaning of normal and metaphysical theory, to the social science. Second, most of political researchers ignored the differences of the conception of God in religion and its effect of political understanding. This kind of dilemma changed in the 1990s due to the increasingly tense conflicts between politics and religion in the globe. Another reason is the standpoint changed in ontology and methodology of politics. Researchers gradually realized the importance of religion to effect political attitudes and values. This effect not only points out what a political society ought to be but also offers an origin and criteria of morality. And it can build a logical system of political actors too. All of the above concerns the development of democracy.
This dissertation based on the pluralist religious societies of Taiwan. According theories to select the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan, I-Kuan Tao, Tzu Chi and Bread of Life Christian Church. So as to explain the relations of religious sect’s and their political values and attitudes. For the sake of theory`s completeness, it compared the same conception of God, the different conception of God and the different political understanding within a sect. It became apparent that religious sects` political preference were affected by their theology and its interpretation. This in turn, it shaped their comments on contemporary politics. Although this phenomenon did not happen in all sects, some cases proved the factor of religion still works in Taiwan politics.
Three features are important in this research. To compare different political values and attitudes affected by different conception of God, to explore the relationship between politics and religion from metaphysical theology and the combined qualitative research and quantitative research. In short, this dissertation hope to build a new model and to be more objective and research deeper. To examine to what degree political science has caused politics to shink, and to explore the factor of morality behind democracy. It’s important to the human lives living in that political system and to their dignity and rationality. Eventually, this work explained the initial reason why this dissertation studies religion.
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七、網站資料
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