The rapid development of medical technology has allowed the better treatment of many incurable diseases, such as cancers. Such development, however, has not been able to help reduce the mortality from malignant tumours in Taiwan. Instead, the death rate repeatedly reaches higher peak. The crux of this paper lies in exploring the spatial relations between the factors that lead to environmental pollution and those that cause malignant tumours. By analyzing the spatial distribution of ninety-five main industrial zones in Taiwan, we seek to capture how environmental pollutants, through the spread of diverse media (e.g. rivers, groundwater), influence the occurrence and death rate of malignant tumours. Methodologically, we first utilize the poisson trend surface analysis of the Cancer Mapping System of the Republic of China to conduct a cross-comparison of the relations between industrial zones' location and the spatial distribution of lung and liver cancer. Secondly, we use Geographic Information System (GIS) to undertake density analysis, buffer analysis and overlay analysis of the spatial relationship of lung and liver cancer occurrence in Taiwan. Lastly, we use statistical data obtained from the National Health Administration, incorporating the death rate of malignant tumour in all counties to measure the relationship between the factors that lead to environmental pollution and those that cause the occurrence of lung and liver cancer. It is expected that this research provides an example of how GIS can contribute to effective management, monitoring and tracking of malignant tumours and other chronicle diseases. In the future, we suggest establishing a set of disease tracking and health administrative system, to facilitate the analysis and prevention of diseases and to ensure a better living environment for the public.