德國本是一個零散的城邦地區，自 1808 年拿破崙入侵以後，費
希特開始鼓吹德人的國家意識，在普魯士邦首相俾斯麥的領導下，
1871 年成為統一的國家。從這個德意志帝國的建立，到希特勒納粹
政權滅亡，德國人的國家意識高漲。二次戰後，被分裂成兩個國家，
即西德和東德，德國人的國家認同也一分為二。西德艾德諾總理推
動歐化的政策下，實行民主政治，使西德人民擁有民主的國家認同；
東德則由社統黨一黨專政之下，實行共產制度。到 1990 年，由於東
歐共產政權的跨台，東德人民起來反抗其政權，兩德因此統一。東
西德雖然成為一國，但是過去的歷史和失業的因素，使東德人民還
無法完全融入以新的德國。此外，在德國也有一些外國客籍工人和
難民，他們主動前來德國的，認同德國將無困難。在德國統一之前，
西德已經朝向歐盟的道路前進，德國人民的國家認同已轉向整個歐
洲，不再局限於德國。

Germany was originally a region of separated city-states. Since 1808
Napoleon invaded into this region, Gottlieb Fichte began to encourage his
countrymen with national consciousness. Under the leadership of the
Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck the Germany was first united in
1987. From the establishment of this German kingdom to the ruin of
Hitler Nazi-regime was the German national identity very high. After 2nd
World War Germany was divided two states, namely West Germany and
East-Germany and there were two national identities. The West-Germany
chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, implemented the European policy and gave
German people a democratic national identity. The East-Germany
government under the unique leadership of the Sozialistische
Einheitspartei Deutschland（SED）performed the communist system. As
the end of East Europe communist regime in 1990 the people of East
Germany protested against the SED-regime and at last united with West
Germany under the Basic-law. Two Germany was although united, due to
the formerly political history and high rate of unemployment the EastGermany people are not satisfied with new Germany. Otherwise, in
Germany there are some alien workers and refugees who will identify
Germany as self nation. Before the unification of Germany the West
Germany is going to the way of European-Union and the German
gradually identify the great Europe as a new homeland.