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題名：生命權與廢除死刑--歐洲理事會觀點之分析
書刊名：政大法學評論
作者：廖福特 引用關係
作者(外文)：Liao, Fort Fu-te
出版日期：2006
卷期：92
頁次：頁49-119
主題關鍵詞：生命權；廢除死刑；歐洲理事會；歐洲人權公約；第六議定書；第十三議定書；酷刑和其他殘忍；不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰；國家保障生命權之義務；待死現象；Right to life；Abolition of the death penalty；Council of Europe；European convention on human rights；Protocol No. 6；Protocol No. 13；Torture and cruelty；Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment；State's obligation to protect the right to life；Death row phenomenon
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:31
  • 點閱點閱:38
歐洲理事會是生命權及廢除死刑規範之制訂者及推動者，其藉由「歐洲人權公約」及其第六議定書及第十三議定書之簽訂，而建構保障生命權及廢除死刑之規範，而其實質內涵之發展是經歷三個過程，即先確定生命權之保障，再進展至平時廢除死刑，最後則希望推展至全面廢除死刑。如果沒有生命權之保障，便無法享有其他自由及權利。雖然歐洲人權法院盡可能地避免介入審議生命兩端所引發之爭議性問題，但是其強調國家不只是不應故意或非法剝奪生命，更應積極地採取必要適當措施保障人民之生命。在剝奪生命是否合法部分，雖然歐洲人權法院沒有直接認為死刑是不人道的，但是其強調死刑判決必須經過公平審判之機關及程序，處以死刑之後亦應著重受刑人之待遇。歐洲理事會各國亦應注意死刑判決之適用範圍，同時不得將某人引渡至可能受死刑判決之國家。在使用武力而剝奪生命時，歐洲人權法院依嚴格比例原則審查必須是絕對必要時才能使用武力，國家更應負擔確實調查之義務。歐洲理事會對生命權之保障及對廢除死刑之堅持可說是國際法之經典，而這是值得台灣深思與學習的，而其包括對生命權之確認、詳細內含之建構及廢除死刑理念之參酌。
The Council of Europe is the rule maker and promoter of the right to life and the abolition of the death penalty in Europe. Its rules include the European Convention on Human Rights and its Protocol 6 and Protocol 13. The process is comprised of three stages: protection of the right to life, abolition of the death penalty in peacetime and complete abolition. Without protection of the right to life, people cannot enjoy other liberties and rights. Although the European Court of Human Rights avoids reviewing what is the ambit of life, the Court emphasizes that a state should refrain from depriving life intentionally or illegally, and further should adopt necessary vigorous measures to protect life. Concerning whether deprivation of life is legal, although the Court does not directly rule that the death penalty is inhumane, it emphasizes that a judgment imposing the death penalty should be done through fair trial institute and procedure. Treatment of those who are facing execution should also be fair. Member states of the Council of Europe have to limit the ambit of applying the death penalty, and should not extradite a person to states where they may suffer from the death penalty. Whenever there is deprivation of life by the using of force the Court employs strict proportionality to examine whether it is absolutely necessary. When force is used a state should also conduct effective investigations. The Council of Europe's insistence on protection of the right to life and the abolition of the death penalty can be regarded as a model in international law, from which Taiwan may learn much, such as confirming the right to life, constructing its detailed contents and deliberating ideas supporting the abolition of the death penalty.
期刊論文
1.Hodgkinson, Peter(2000)。Europe: A Death Penalty Free Zone: Commentary and Critique of Abolitionist Strategies。Ohio Northern University Law Review，26，625-664。  new window
2.王玉葉(20040500)。歐洲聯盟之死刑政策：一個沒有死刑的世界。哲學與文化，31(5)=360，3-34。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.廖福特(20000800)。廢除死刑--進行中之國際共識。律師雜誌，251，27-42。  延伸查詢new window
4.洪茂雄(19960800)。歐洲理事會擴大組織的背景與意義。美歐月刊，11(8)=124，100-114。  延伸查詢new window
5.廖福特(20020100)。歐洲人權法院與自由選舉權--十五年的互動。憲政時代，27(3)，56-83。  延伸查詢new window
6.廖福特(200406)。不判死刑，才有司法互助。司法改革雜誌，51。  延伸查詢new window
7.Klebes, Heinrich(1999)。Membership in International Organization and National Constitutional Law: A Case Study of the Law and Practice of the Council of Europe。Saint Louis-Warsaw Transatlantic Law Journal，99，69。  new window
8.Irwin, Kara E.(1999)。Prospects for Justice: The Procedural Aspect of the Right to Life under the European Convention on Human Rights and Its Applications of Northern Ireland's Bloody Sunday。Fordham International Law Journal，22，1822。  new window
9.Freeman, Katherine(1994)。The Unborn Child and the European Convention on Human Rights: To Whom Does Everyone's Right to Life Belong?。Emory International Law Review，8，615。  new window
10.Parkerson, Major John E. Jr.、Stoehr, Major Carolyn S.(1990)。The U.S. Military Death Penalty in Europe: Threats from Recent European Human Rights Developments。Military Law Review，129。  new window
11.Deleitner, Nora V.(2002)。Abolition, Moratorium, or Reform?: The Death Penalty in the United States: Following the European Lead?。Oregon Law Review，81(1)。  new window
圖書
1.Van Dijk, P.、Van Hoof, G. J. H.(1998)。Theory and practice of the European convention on human rights。The Hague：Kluwer Law International。  new window
2.Hood, Roger(2002)。The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Starmer, Keir(1999)。European Human Rights Law: The Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Convention on Human Rights。London：Legal Action Group。  new window
4.Schabas, William A.(2002)。The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law。Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Jackson, Donald W.(1997)。The United Kingdom Confronts the European Convention on Human Rights。Gainesville：University of Florida。  new window
6.Harris, D. J.、O'Boyle, M.、Warbrick, C.(1995)。Law of the European Convention on Human Rights。Butterworths。  new window
7.Gibson, Bryan(1999)。Human Rights and the Courts Bringing Justice Home。  new window
8.Council of Europe(2001)。Death is not Justice。  new window
9.Council of Europe(2004)。Death Penalty. Beyond Abolition。  new window
10.Council of Europe(1999)。The Death Penalty, Abolition in Europe。  new window
11.Hoffman, David、Rowe, John(2003)。Human Rights in the UK. An Introduction to the Human Rights Act 1998。  new window
12.Reid, Karen(1998)。A Practitioner's Guide to the European Convention on Human RIghts。  new window
13.OSCE、ODIHT(2000)。The Death Penalty in the Osce Area。  new window
14.翁明賢、林德浩、陳聰銘(199410)。歐洲區域組織新論。台北：五南圖書出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
15.Gomien, Donna、Harris, David、Zwaak, Leo(1996)。Law and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Social Charter。Strasbourg：Council of Europe。  new window
16.Merrills, J. G.(1993)。The Development of International Law by the European Court of Human Rights。Manchester：Manchester University Press。  new window
17.Robertson, A. H.、Memlls, J. G.(1993)。Human Rights in Europe: A Study of the European Convention on Human Rights。Manchester。  new window
18.廖福特(2003)。歐洲人權法。台北：學林文化事業公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.Pannick, David(1982)。Judicial Review of the Death Penalty。  new window
20.Beddard, R.(1993)。Human Rights and Europe。  new window
21.Gordon, Richard、Ward, Tim(2000)。Judicial Review and the Human Rights Act。  new window
圖書論文
1.廖福特(2004)。憲法與國際人權條約--陌生的互動關係。二十一世紀憲政風雲。元照出版有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
2.李震山(200111)。從憲法觀點論生命權之保障。人性尊嚴與人權保障。元照。  延伸查詢new window
3.林超駿(2002)。如何繼受美國法上之憲法解釋理論。憲法解釋之理論與實務。中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
4.Pristavkin, Anatoly(1999)。A Vast Place Execution: The Death Penalty in Russia。The Death Penalty. Abolition in Europe。  new window
5.Byk, Christian(2003)。Euthanasia and the Right to Life: The Pretty Case。Euthanasia Volume 1-Ethical and Human Aspects。  new window
6.Bechiivanou, Georgia(1992)。Greece。The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights International Protection Versus National Restrictions。  new window
7.Nowak, Manfred(2000)。the Death Penalty an Inhuman Punishment?。The JURISPRUDENCE of Human Rights Law; A Comparative Interpretive Approach。  new window
8.Schmidt, Markus G.(2000)。The Death Penalty Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis。The Jurisprudence of Human Rights Law: A Comparative Interpretive Approach。  new window
9.Forst, Michel(1999)。The Abolition of the Death Penalty in France。The Death Penalty. Abolition in Europe。  new window
10.吳志光(2002)。東歐民主轉型國家憲法法院對法治國家建構之影響--兼論對我國違憲審查經驗之啓示。憲法解釋之理論與實務。臺北：中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
11.李建良(2000)。基本權利與國家保護義務。憲法解釋之理論與實務。中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
12.李震山(2002)。論憲法未列舉之自由權利之保障--司法院大法官相關解釋之評析。憲法解釋之理論與實務。臺北：中研院中山人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
13.廖福特(2002)。填補落差：死刑、臺灣、國際。臺灣反對死刑。輔仁大學。  延伸查詢new window
14.Dickson, Brice(1997)。Northern Ireland and the European Convention。Human Rights and the European Convention。  new window
15.Ravaud, Caroline、Trechsel, Stefan(1999)。The Death Penalty and the Case: Law of the Institutions of the European Convention on Human Rights。The Death Penalty Abolition in Europe。  new window
16.Soulier, G'erard(1992)。Terrorism。The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights International Protection versus National Restrictions。  new window
17.Krüger, Hans-Christian(1999)。Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights。The Death Penalty Abolition in Europe。  new window
18.Hodgkinson, Peter(2004)。Alternatives to the Death Penalty - The United Kingdom Experience。Death Penalty. Beyond Abolition。  new window
19.Wohlwend, Renate(1999)。The Efforts of the Parliamentary Assembly。The Death Penalty. Abolition in Europe。Council of Europe Publishing。  new window
20.Wohlwend, Renate(2004)。The Role of the Council of Europe's Parliamentary Assembly。Death Penalty. Beyond Abolition。  new window
21.Fico, Robert(1999)。The Death Penalty in Slovakia。The Death Penalty. Abolition in Europe。  new window
22.Holovatiy, Serhiy(1999)。Abolishing the Death Penalty in Ukraine - Difficulities Real or Imagined?。The Death Penalty. Abolition in Europe。  new window
 
 
 
 
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