隨著俄羅斯國力的發展，尤其是戰略資源石油、重金屬礦產價格的上漲，以及國內經濟發展穩定，使得蒲亭(Vladimir Putin)總統對於美國與歐盟等西方國家的外交政策，例如對於戰略武器管制、歐盟東擴、科索沃獨立等議題，表現出相當不滿的情緒與言詞。不僅如此，更是藉由與中共建立的戰略夥伴關係，以及上海合作組織的運用，突顯俄羅斯已非冷戰結束時的衰弱國勢，而是不斷以強勢外交方式，嘗試恢復其原有的大國地位，這樣的發展勢必衝擊美俄的關係，是否又重新回到冷戰時期的國際體系權力平衡架構，或是會引發新的國際政治情勢的改變，本文從回顧1991年底蘇聯解體後，美俄兩國之間的外交關係的調整變化，審視後冷戰時期後(post-post Cold War)的美俄關係未來的發展前景。

Along with the development of the increasing national capabilities, particularly, the rising price in the strategic resources as oil and heavy metals miners, and domestic economic development stably. Vladimir Putin, the Russian President, has expressed his discontentedness with the foreign policy of the U.S. and European Union (EU) in strategic arm control, EU enlargement, independence of Kosovo issues. Furthermore, in order to highlight that Russia is not the one which used to be a weak state in the end of Cold War era, by building a strategic partnership with China and using the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. With the strong diplomacy, Russia tries to recover its big power status, and has impact on the relations with U. S., this development will change the current situations of international politics. This article tries to review Russia-U. S. diplomatic relations and to reexamine their prospective of the future, since the Russia was broke down in 1991.