After end of Cold war, in the former Soviet Union area appear 15 new independent countries .The past tensive Sion-Soviet boundry has became the mutli-relationship among PRC , Russia and Central Asia countries . Under the positive negotiation, all quarters have formed 「The Shanghai Five」.Since 1998 the regional forum of 「The Shanghai Five」has gradually developed to a regional security cooperation system . In July 15 2001 the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(plus Uzbekistan)has established . The article is under the premise of regional security cooperation of PRC to discuss the establishment and the development of the Shanghai Cooperative Organization .Taking The New Concept of Security as the main theory to understand the relation of security cooperation among countries in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization .