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題名:China in the WTO: The Impact of Global Integration on Local Governance
書刊名:WTO研究
作者:郭英傑
作者(外文):Guo, Ying-jie
出版日期:2007
卷期:7
頁次:頁111-157
主題關鍵詞:全球化世界貿易組織地方政府定州市ChinaWTOLocal governmentDingzhou
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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全球化無疑正在改變著各國的經濟和政治體制,社會現狀以及國際秩序,以至難以將一切國際事務和國內事務分割開來。世界貿易組織在推動全球化過程當中的作用尤為明顯。在這些問題上學術界已有基本共識,爭論的主要問題在于全球一體化的影響和後果。就中國的具體情況而言,不少學者認為中國加入世貿組織必將推動國內的私有化、市場化和民主化進程,必將動搖中國共?黨的統治。這種推斷不乏理論依據,但入世對中國的影響歸根到底是一個實證問題,要回答這樣的問題不僅需要研究中國政府按世界貿易組織要求制定的法律、法規和規章制度,還需要考察其規制落實與否,不僅要了解規制在中央和少數大城市的落實情況,還要了解廣大基層行政單位的落實情況。 本文以河北省定州市(縣級市)為案例,集中討論全球化對地方政府的影響。這個問題主要有兩個方面 : 一是入世以來中央和地方政府關系的變化,其中涉及中央和地方政府的權限及其行使權力的方式和程序;二是地方政府對當地經濟活動控制的範圍和控制方式的變化。由此本文得出以下結論:第一,改革開放以來,中央政府屢次下放權力給地方,但由於履行世貿組織的統一實施原則,使地方政府原來行使的部分權力—包括規制制定權和解釋權—返回中央。第二,地方政府對經濟活動控制的範圍明顯縮小,從而使公民獲得了更多的權利和自由。 同時,地方政府對經濟活動的控制由市場准入轉向市場監督,但市場監督的目的與其說是維護市場秩序不如說是保證地方財政收入和執法者的個人收入。第三,世貿組織規則的落實情況顯然與上級政府的監督,民?的要求以及國際壓力有直接關系;由於三者的缺乏,地方政府往往應付差事、敷衍了事,使國際規則難以落實 , 阻止了全球一體化的深入發展。
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