| 期刊論文| 1. | Schuurmans, H.、Steverink, N.、Lindenberg, S.、Frieswijk, N.、Slaets, J. P. J.(2004)。Old or frail: What tells us more?。The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences，59(9)，962-965。   | | 2. | Jones, D. M.、Song, X.、Rockwood, K.(2004)。Operationalizing a frailty index from a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment。Journal of the American Geriatrics Society，52(11)，1929-1933。 | | 3. | Rockwood, Kenneth、Song, Xiaowei、MacKnight, Chris、Bergman, Howard、Hogan, David B.、McDowell, Ian、Mitnitski, Arnold(2005)。A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people。Canadian Medical Association Journal，173(5)，489-495。 | | 4. | Rolfson, D. B.、Majumdar, S. R.、Tsuyuki, R. T.、Tahir, A.、Rockwood, K.(2006)。Validity and reliability of the Edmonton Frail Scale。Age & Aging，35(5)，526-529。 | | 5. | Hogan, D. B.、MacKnight, C.、Bergman, H.、Steering Committee, Canadian Initiative on Frailty and Aging(2003)。Models, definitions and criteria of frailty。Aging Clinical and Experimental Research，15(3)，1-29。 | | 6. | Levers, M, J.、Estabrooks, C. A.、Kerr, J. C. R.(2006)。Factors contributing to frailty: Literature review。Journal of Advanced Nursing，56(3)，282-291。 | | 7. | Markle-Reid, M.、Browne, G.(2003)。Conceptualizations of frailty in relation to older adults。Journal of Advanced Nursing，44(1)，58-68。 | | 8. | Ottenbacher, K. J.、Ostir, G. V.、Peek, M. K.、Snih, Soham Al、Raji, M. A.、Markides, K. S.(2005)。Frailty in older Mexican Americans。Journal of the American Geriatrics Society，53(9)，1524-1531。 | | 9. | Rockwood, K.(2005)。What would make a definition of frailty successful?。Age & Ageing，34(5)，432-434。 | | 10. | Rockwood, K.、Howlett, S. E.、MacKnight, C.、Beattie, B. L.、Bergman, H.、Hébert, R.、Hogan, D. B.、Wolfson, C.、McDowell, I.(2004)。Prevalence, attributes, and outcomes of fitness and frailty in community-dwelling older adults: Report from the Canadian study of health and aging。The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences，59(12)，1310-1317。 | | 11. | Rockwood, K.、Mitnitski, A.、Song, X.、Steen, B.、Skoog, I.(2005)。Long-term risks of death and institutionalization of elderly people in relation to deficit accumulation at age 70。Journal of the American Geriatrics Society，54(6)，975-979。 | | 12. | Woods, N. F.、LaCroix, A. Z.、Gray, S. L.、Aragaki, A.、Cochrane, B. B.、Brunner, R. L.、Newman, A. B.(2005)。Frailty: Emergence and consequences in women aged 65 and older in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study。Journal of the American Geriatrics Society，53(8)，1321-1330。 | | 13. | Bandeen-Roche, K.、Xue, Q. L.、Ferrucci, L.、Walston, J.、Guralnik, J. M.、Chaves, P.、Fried, L. P.(2006)。Phenotype of frailty: Characterization in the women's health and aging studies。The Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences，61(3)，262-266。 | | 14. | Buchner, D. M.、Wagner, E. H.(1992)。Preventing frail health。Clinics in Geriatric Medicine，8(1)，1-17。 | | 15. | Rockwood, K.、Fox, R. A.、Stolee, P.、Robertson, D.、Beattie, B. L.(1994)。Frailty in elderly people: An evolving concept。CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal，150(4)，489-495。 | | 16. | Strawbridge, W. J.、Shema, S. J.、Balfour, J. L.、Higby, H. R.、Kaplan, G. A.(1998)。Antecedents of frailty over three decades in an older cohort。The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences，53(1)，9-16。 | | 17. | Studenski, S.、Hayes, R. P.、Leibowitz, R. Q.、Bode, R.、Lavery, L.、Walston, J.(2004)。Clinical global impression of change in physical frailty: Development of a measure based on clinical judgment。Journal of the American Geriatrics Society，52(9)，1560-1566。 | | 18. | Fried, Linda P.、Tangen, Catherine M.、Walston, Jeremy、Newman, Anne B.、Hirsch, Calvin、Gottdiener, John、Seeman, Teresa、Tracy, Russell、Kop, Willem J.、Burke, Gregory、McBurnie, M. A.、Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group(2001)。Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype。The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences，56(3)，M146-M157。 | 圖書| 1. | 朗文編輯部(2004)。朗文當代高級辭典(英英•英漢雙解)。香港：培生教育出版亞洲有限公司。 延伸查詢 | | 2. | Walker, L. O.、Avant, K. C.(2005)。Strategies for theory construction in nursing。Upper Saddle River, New Jersey：Prentice Hall。 | 其他| 1. | (2007)。Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary，http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/frailty， 2007/12/14。 | |