Towards the beginning of the 21st century, Hugo Chávez, the strong man of Venezuela, convoked his Latin American allies to fight against the Free Trade Area of the Americas proposed by the United States. Inspired by Cuban style socialism, he presented the Bolivarian Alternative in order to prepare themselves best in facing the decline of the American empire. He not only publicly supported Evo Morales of Bolivia and the Revolutionary Armed Forces in Colombia, but also purchased a great amount of arms from Russia to strengthen his domineering posture. What Chávez did has raised a new disturbance in Latin America. The region’s already complicated situation seems to have returned to a situation of conflicts between different groups. However, this time the focus for dispute is not international political security or the confrontation between East and West but instead international political economy or the confrontation between northern countries and southern countries. Under the influence of globalization, the rising regional self-identity, their determination to fight against capitalism, the left-wing political position following the experience of the European Union and the regional integration under socialism have all merged into the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas. It is still uncertain if the Alternative can endure through the global financial crisis. Nevertheless, through the mobilization of Chávez in Latin America, his intention to form a divided West Hemisphere between northern and southern America has enjoyed some kind of success. If Chávez can effectively motivate a consensus of collective security, a new political and economic development in the West Hemisphere might be expected.