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引文資料
題名:
提取引發遺忘刻板印象特質:跨類別抑制與評價不對稱性
書刊名:
中華心理學刊
作者:
林湘怡
/
高泉豐
作者(外文):
Lin, Shung-yi
/
Kao, Chuan-feng
出版日期:
2008
卷期:
50:4
頁次:
頁403-423
主題關鍵詞:
刻板印象抑制
;
負向記憶偏誤
;
評價不對稱性
;
提取引發遺忘現象
;
跨類別抑制
;
Cross-category inhibition
;
Negativity bias
;
Positive-negative asymmetry
;
Retrieval-induced forgetting
;
Stereotype inhibition
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
3
點閱:36
本研究以提取練習典範(retrieval practice paradigm; Anderson, R. A. Bjork, & E. L. Bjork, 1994)探討社會類別的刻板印象特質在記憶上的抑制。實驗一不僅發現提取引發遺忘(retrieval-induced forgetting)現象,同時也得到跨類別抑制(cross-category inhibition)的證據。提取練習一個社會類別的部分刻板印象特質不僅會抑制其另一半刻板印象特質,還會抑制其他社會類別下的相關刻板印象特質。實驗二探討刻板印象特質的正負向評價對提取引發遺忘現象的調節作用。實驗組的參與者提取練習社會類別的正向或負向特質;控制組則提取練習無關的自然類別。結果顯示,相較於控制組而言,提取練習一個社會類別的負向特質會抑制參與者對其正向特質的記憶,展現典型的提取引發遺忘現象;然而,提取練習一個社會類別的正向特質則不會抑制參與者對其負向特質的記憶。實驗二的結果顯示刻板印象特質的正負向評價調節提取引發遺忘現象的不對稱性,展現負向特質在記憶上的穩固現象。
以文找文
The present research adapted retrieval practice paradigm (Anderson, R. A. Bjork, & E. L. Bjork, 1994) to investigate the memory inhibition of stereotypical traits. The results of experiment 1 show that retrieval practice on stereotypical traits impairs not only the later recall of other traits explicitly studied under the same social category, but also similar items under different category cues, providing evidence for cross-category inhibition. Experiment 2 examines whether valence of stereotypical traits will moderate retrieval-induced forgetting. In the retrieval practice phase, participants in our two experimental conditions performed retrieval practice on positive or negative traits of half of the studied social categories; participants in control group retrieved exemplars of a natural category as baseline. The results of experiment 2 demonstrated that positive and negative stereotypical traits are influenced in different ways by retrieval-induced forgetting. Comparing to the control group, participants who retrieved negative traits of half of the studied social categories inhibited memory for positive traits of those social groups; in contrast, participants who performed retrieval practice on positive aspects did not impair memory for negative traits of the practiced social groups. These findings suggest that negative stereotypical traits are dominant in memory and therefore can resist inhibition of retrieval practice.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Anderson, M. C.、Spellman, B. A.(1995)。On the Status of Inhibitory Mechanisms in Cognition: Memory Retrieval as a Model Case。Psychological Review,102,68-100。
2.
Robinson-Riegler, G. L.、Winton, W. M.(1996)。The role of conscious recollection in recognition of affective material: Evidence for positive-negative asymmetry。Journal of General Psychology,123,93-104。
3.
Baumeister, Roy F.、Bratslavsky, Ellen、Finkenauer, Catrin、Vohs, Kathleen D.(2001)。Bad Is Stronger Than Good。Review of General Psychology,5(4),323-370。
4.
Rozin, Paul、Royzman, Edward B.(2001)。Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion。Personality and Social Psychology Review,5(4),296-320。
5.
Anderson, M. C.(2003)。Rethinking Interference Theory: Executive Control and the Mechanisms of Forgetting。Journal of Memory and Language,49,415-445。
6.
Anderson, M. C.、Bjork, R. A.、Bjork, E. L.(1994)。Remembering can Cause Forgetting: Retrieval Dynamics in Long-term Memory。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,20,1063-1087。
7.
Dunn, E. W.、Spellman, B. A.(2003)。Forgetting by Remembering: Stereotype Inhibition Through Rehearsal of Alternative Aspects of Identity。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,39,420-433。
8.
Macrae, C. N.、MacLeod, M. D.(1999)。On Recollections Lost: When Practice Makes Imperfect。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,77,463-473。
9.
Storm, B. C.、Bjork, E. L.、Bjork, R. A.(2005)。Social Metacognitive Judgments: The Role of Retrieval-induced Forgetting in Person Memory and Impressions。Journal of Memory and Language,52,535-550。
10.
邵循正、Bjork, R. A.、Handal, A.(1995)。Retrieval-induced Forgetting in an Eyewitness-memory Paradigm。Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,2,249-253。
11.
Levy, B. J.、Anderson, M. C.(2002)。Inhibitory Processes and the Control of Memory Retrieval。Trends in Cognitive Sciences,6(7),299-305。
12.
Macrae, C. N.、Roseveare, T. A.(2002)。I was Always on My Mind: The Self and Temporary Forgetting。Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,9,611-614。
13.
Barnier, A. J.、Hung, L.、Conway, M. A.(2004)。Retrieval-induced Forgetting of Emotional and Unemotional Autobiographical Memories。Cognition and Emotion,18,457-477。
14.
Anderson, M. C.、McCulloch, K. C.(1999)。Integration as a General Boundary Condition on Retrieval-induced Forgetting。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,25,608-629。
15.
黃金蘭、林以正、葉怡玉(2006)。華人七大基本性格是否具有心理實質性?「提取引發遺忘效果」之檢驗。本土心理學研究,26,111-140。
延伸查詢
16.
Migueles, M.、García-Bajos, E.(2006)。Influence of the Typicality of the Actions in a Mugging Script on Retrieval-induced Forgetting。Psicológica,27,119-135。
17.
Dijksterhuis, A.、van Knippenberg, A.(1996)。The Knife That Cuts Both Ways: Facilitated and Inhibited Access to Traits as a Result of Stereotype Activation.。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,32,271-288。
18.
Dreben, E. K.、Fiske, S. T.、Hastie, R.(1979)。The Independence of Evaluative and Item Information: Impression and Recall Order Effects in Behavior Based Impression Formation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37,1758-1768。
19.
Quinn, K. A.、Hugenberg, K.、Bodenhausen, G. V.(2004)。Functional Modularity in Stereotype Representation。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,40,519-527。
20.
Rothbart, M.、Park, B.(1986)。On the Confirmability and Disconfirmability of Trait Concepts。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,50,131-142。
21.
Skowronski, J. J.、Carlston, D. E.(1987)。Social Judgment and Social memory: The Role of Cue Diagnosticity in Negativity, Positivity, and Extremity Biases。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,52,689-699。
22.
Bodenhausen, G. V.(1988)。Stereotypic Biases in Social Decision Making and Memory: Testing Process Models of Stereotype Use。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,55(5),726-737。
23.
Macrae, C. Neil、Bodenhausen, Galen V.、Milne, Alan B.(1995)。The Dissection of Selection in Person Perception: Inhibitory Processes in Social Stereotyping。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,69(3),397-407。
24.
Bargh, J. A.、Chen, M.、Burrows, L.(1996)。Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Priming on Action。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,71,230-244。
25.
Sinclair, L.、Kunda, Z.(1999)。Reactions to a Black Professional: Motivated Inhibition and Activation of Conflicting Stereotypes。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,77,885-904。
26.
Fazio, R. H.、Eiser, J. R.、Shook, N. J.(2004)。Attitude Formation through Exploration: Valence Asymmetries。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,87,293-311。
27.
Moulds, M. L.、Kandris, E.(2006)。The Effect of Practice on Recall of Negative Material in Dysphoria。Journal of Affective Disorders,91,269-272。
28.
Garcia-Marques, L.、Santos, A. S.、Mackie, D. M.(2006)。Stereotypes: Static Abstractions or Dynamic Knowledge Structures?。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,91,814-831。
29.
MacLeod, M. D.、Macrae, C. N.(2001)。Gone But not Forgotten: The Transient Nature of Retrieval-induced Forgetting。Psychological Science,121,148-152。
會議論文
1.
Attrill, A.、MacLeod, M. D.(2004)。Studying Goal-directed Active Inhibition Process for Self- and Other-reference Trait Information。0。
研究報告
1.
楊國樞(1999)。中國人之基本性格向度、結構及效應的系統性研究 (計畫編號:NSC86-2143-H002-026)。台北:行政院國家科學委員會。
延伸查詢
學位論文
1.
黃智勇(2006)。在提取練習派典下的心情一致性效果,0。
延伸查詢
2.
蔡青真(2000)。特質向度衝突對主觀雙歧性的影響,0。
延伸查詢
圖書
1.
Mackie, D. M.、Hamilton, D. L.、Russkind, J.、Rosselli, F.、Susskind, J.(1996)。Social Psychological Foundations of Stereotype Formation。Stereotypes and Stereotyping。London, UK/ New York, NY。
2.
Moskowitz, G. B.(2005)。Social Cognition: Understanding Self and Others。Social Cognition: Understanding Self and Others。New York, NY。
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