本研究目的旨在探討大學生身體組成與體適能表現對運動態度的認知差異情形。以2736位大學生爲研究對象（男生1088人，平均年齡19.6±1.6歲；女生1648人，平均年齡19.8±1.8歲）進行體適能測驗與運動態度問卷，結果以平均值與標準差表示，將所得數值轉換成Z分數(Z-score)並以單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)。結果：一、體適能測驗上，女生一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐優於常模外，其他各項男、女學生體適能測驗結果平均比常模差。二、男生體重過重比率高於女生15.6%，女生體重過輕比率高於男生16.6%。三、不同身體組成學生比較上，男生體重過重組在一分鐘仰臥起坐、立定跳遠及1600公尺跑走上與其他兩組有顯著差異(p<.05)；女生則是坐姿體前彎及800公尺跑走有顯著差異(p<.05)。四、在運動態度上，體重過重組的男、女學生應加強正確的運動觀念，改善個人身體組成。結論：一、大學生體適能普遍不佳，應加強體適能概念並加強心肺耐力的訓練。二、體重過重確實對體適能的發展有其負面的影響。三、對於體重過重或體重過輕的學生，應給予均衡飲食及正確的減重觀念，給予運動處方概念並鼓勵從事規律運動。四、多數學生對於運動態度的觀感大都是正向的，對於少數不同見解者，應給予正確的運動觀念，以提昇個人健康與體適能水準。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of body composition and physical fitness and exercise attitude status between different the college students. The participants included 2736 students (1088 male students with mean age 19.6±1.6; 1648 female students with mean age 19.8±1.8). The physical fitness data analyzed was processed by means of Descriptive statistics, Z-score and one-way ANOVA. The result was as followed: 1. In the physical fitness: the female students are better the norm in 1 min sit-ups, but the other items are worse than the norm both in male and female students. 2. The percentage of overweight, male students are 15.6% higher than the female students, the percentage of underweight, female students are 16.6% higher than male students. 3. In three body composition groups (overweight, normal, and underweight), when compare to the other two groups the male overweight group showed significant differences in 1min sit-ups, standing long jump and 1600M run and walk (p<.05). However, the female overweight group showed significant differences in sit and reach and 800 M run and walk (p<.05). 4. In the attitude towards exercise, the male and female students should have reinforced in correct attitude. Conclusion: 1. The male and female students show poorly physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance. 2. In this study, we proved that overweight has negative impact in physical fitness. 3. It is important to encourage students to do exercise regularly and provide the correct concept of diet and weight control for the students who are overweight or underweight. In order to promote the level of personal physical fitness, we might to design an individual exercise prescription and weight control project for overweight students. The students have positive attitude of exercise, however, have poor action. In order to get good health, the physical education teachers need to encourage students to do exercise regularly.