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引文資料
題名:
Art, Death and Interpretation of Mortuary Remains
書刊名:
南藝學報
作者:
Linduff, Katheryn M.
出版日期:
2010
卷期:
1
頁次:
頁5-24
主題關鍵詞:
禮儀藝術
;
喪葬研究
;
商代中國
;
安陽
;
Ritual art
;
Mortuary analysis
;
Shang China
;
Anyang
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:60
就其內在本質而言,無論宗教性或世俗性的禮儀都異常令人嚮往。禮儀作爲一種社會活動,一旦被隔離於社會情境之外便不可能被充分理解。它被執行它的社會所界定,也因而必須被置於適合它的社會和物質情境中進行研究。但是當禮儀主要是透過古代社會的墓葬遺存來進行研究時,我們又該如何回復前述各種情境呢?以中國爲例,葬儀中的各種陳設便是史前時代晚期到歷史時代早期物質遺存的主要內容。由於墓葬的禮儀化情境可以(也一直被)視爲形塑信仰、意識型態與身份認同的重要機制,或者被視爲相關禮儀活動參與者及其操控或創造者社會力的主要根源,因此可以相當程度地反映一個特定的社會及其內在動能。此外,它們也可以被視爲社會網絡的核心,或是呈現一個特定社會之希望和慾求的手段。這篇論文將思考墓葬中(尤其是位於中國者)的物質內容,並且爲這些被置於禮儀化情境的遺存提出數種理解和闡釋方式。有些學者雖然也曾對這些遺物在墓葬中的擺放位置、佈局以及它們的視覺表現進行研究,卻又同時徵引非考古性證據(如民族史材料和歷史文獻),即使它們在被當作和歷史事件或信仰連結的直接依據時往往缺乏足夠的信度。此外,有關「延續性」(例如一個母題)的觀點經常被使用到相當誇張的境地,以致於任何在新石器時代文化層中觀察所得的圖案即使與王朝時期所見的某個母題僅有極其微小的類似性,依舊會被認爲不足以論證它在後一時期存在某種相異的禮儀或意義。我們在此呼籲應針對迄今討論古代社會遺存的方式重新進行評估,並希望藉此認清並提出可以比較完整理解死者被安置時所牽涉之複雜性的種種方法。
以文找文
Whether religious or secular, ritual is intrinsically fascinating. Ritual is an activity which when isolated from its context cannot be studied fully. It is defined by the society that practices it, and as such, needs to be studied in its proper social and material contexts. But how does one do so when the rituals being studied are known primarily in burial remains of ancient societies? In China, for example, mortuary settings are the primary locus of findings for remains from the late prehistoric and early dynastic periods. The ritualized context of burial can and has been seen as a mechanism for the shaping of beliefs, ideologies, and identities; or as a source of social power for those who participate in, control, or create them, thus revealing of a great deal about the given society and its dynamics. They can also be seen as a focal node of social networks, or as a means of illuminating the hopes and desires of a given society. Ritual and the materialization of belief has more recently been seen as an important and informative class of social action, or even as a social construction of the sacred. This paper will consider the material contents of tombs, especially in China, and propose ways to understand and explain them within this sort of ritualized context. Others have studied their placement and distribution in tombs as well as their visual countenance, and also have brought to bear non-archaeological evidence such as ethno-historical accounts and historical texts, although they are not straightforward accounts of historical events or beliefs. Moreover, the notion of continuity (of a motif, for instance) which has often been used to such an exaggerated extent that any pattern observed in the Neolithic layers that has even the slightest similarity to a motif from the dynastic periods will be questioned as insufficient to argue for the existence of a certain ritual or meaning in a later period. With this appeal for the assessment of how we have dealt with the remains of ancient societies, I hope to recognize and propose ways to understand more fully the complexity of the treatment of the dead.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Flad, Rowan(2002)。Ritual or Structure? Analysis of Burial Elaboration at Dadianzi, Inner Mongolia。Journal of East Asian Archaeology,4,23-51。
2.
Linduff, Katheryn M.(1988)。Duke Tan Fu Came in the Morning。Oriental Art,1998(Summer),169-176。
3.
Jorgenson, Lars(1988)。Family burial practice and inheritance systems: the development of Iron Age society from 500BC-AD1000 on Bornholm, Denmark。Acta Archaeologica,58,22。
4.
Kuijt, Ian(1996)。Negotiating equality through ritual: a consideration of Late Natufian and Pre-pottery Neolithic period mortuary practices。Journal of Anthropological Archaeology,15,315。
5.
Gerry, J. p.(1997)。Bone Isotope Ratios and Their Bearing on Elite Privilege among the Classic Maya。Geoarchaeology,122(1),41-69。
6.
Glencross, B.、Stuart-Macadam, P.(2000)。Childhood trauma in the archaeological record。International Journal of Osteology,10,198-209。
7.
Hawkey, D. E.、Merbs, C. F.(1995)。Activity-induced musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) and subsistence strategy changes among ancient Hudson Bay Eskimos。International Journal of Osteoarchaeology,5,324-338。
8.
Hertz, R.(1907)。Contribution a une etude sur la representation collective de la mort。Annee sociologique,10,48-137。
9.
Rawson, Jessica(2000)。Cosmological Systems as Sources of Art, Ornament and Design。Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities,72,133-189。
10.
Yang, Lien-sheng(1960)。Female Rulers in Imperial China。Journal of Asiatic Studies,23,47-61。
11.
Keightley, D.(1999)。Women in the late Neolithic mid Shang Period in China。Nan nu,1/1,1-63。
12.
Brown, T.、Brown, K.(1992)。Ancient DNA and the Archaeologist。antiquity,66,10-23。
13.
Mirza, M.、Dungworth, D.(1995)。The potential misuse of genetic analyses and the social construction of ‘race’ and ethnicity。Oxford Journal of Archaeology,14(3),345-54。
14.
Stone, A. C.、Milner, G. R.、Paabo, S.、Stoneking, M.(1996)。Sex determination of ancient human skeletons using DNA。American Journal of Physical Anthropology,99,231-238。
15.
Gosden, Chris、Marshall, Yvonne(1999)。The Cultural Biography of Objects。World Archaeology,31(2),169-178。
16.
中國社會科學院考古研究所安陽工作隊(1987)。殷墟259、260號墓發掘報告。考古學報,1987(1),99-117+140-145。
延伸查詢
17.
Chou, Hung-hsiang(1970)。Fu-X Ladies of the Shang Dynasty。Monumenta Serica,29,346-390。
學位論文
1.
Saxe, Arthur A.(1970)。Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices(博士論文)。University of Michigan。
2.
Lullo, Sheri(2009)。Everlasting Beauty: Constructions of Beauty in Life and. Death during the Han Dynasty in China(博士論文)。University of Pittsburgh。
3.
Wang, Ying(1999)。Rank and Gender in Bronze Art at the Late Shang Center at Anyang(-)。
圖書
1.
Kyriakidis, Evangelos(2007)。The Archaeology of Ritual。Los Angeles:Cotson Institute of Archaeology, University of California Los Angeles。
2.
Morgan, David(2010)。Religion and Material Culture: The Matter of Belief。New York:Routledge。
3.
Kyriakidis, Evangelos(2005)。Ritual in the Aegean: the Minoan Peak Sanctuaries。London:Duckworth。
4.
Beck, Lane Anderson(1995)。Regional Approached to the Mortuary Analysis。New York and London:Plenum Press。
5.
O'Shea, John(1996)。Villagers of the Maros: A Portrait of an Early Bronze Age Society。New York:Plenum Press。
6.
Beck, Lane Anderson(1995)。Regional Approached to the Mortuary Analysis。
7.
Williams, H.(2003)。Archaeologies of Remembrance: Death and Memory in Past Societies。New York:Kluwer Academic Press。
8.
Lullo, Sheri。Everlasting Beauty。
9.
Lullo。Everlasting Beauty。
10.
Linduff。Women’s Lives Memorialized in Ancient China at Anyang。
11.
Chang, K. C.(1986)。Studies in Shang Archaeology: Selected Papers from the International Conference on Shang Civilization。New Haven:Yale University Press。
12.
Chang, K. C.(1986)。Studies in Shang Archaeology。
13.
Keightley, D.(1979)。Sources of Shang History。Berkeley:University of California Press。
14.
Yang, Shengna。卜辭所見諸侯對商王室的臣屬關係。
延伸查詢
15.
Linduff。Many Wives, One Queen in Shang China。
16.
李濟、梁思永、高去尋(1976)。侯家莊第八本‧1550號大墓。Taipei:史語言研究所出版。
延伸查詢
17.
Appadurai(1999)。Introduction: commodities and the politics of value。
18.
O'Shea, John M.(1984)。Mortuary Variability: An Archaeological Investigation。Academic Press。
19.
Clignet, Remi(1970)。Many Wives, Many Powers: Authority and Power in Polygynous Families。Evanston:Northwestern University Press。
20.
Mallory, J. P.、Mair, Victor H.(2000)。The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West。Thames and Hudson。
21.
Chang, Kwang-chih(1980)。Shang Civilization。Yale University Press。
22.
Sahlins, Marshall D.(1972)。Stone Age Economics。Aldine Publishing Company。
23.
Metcalf, Peter、Huntington, Richard(1991)。Celebrations of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
24.
Metcalf、Huntington(1979)。Celebrations of Death。
25.
中國社會科學院考古研究所(1980)。殷墟婦好墓。文物出版社。
延伸查詢
26.
Morris, Ian(1992)。Death-Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity。Cambridge University Press。
圖書論文
1.
Binford, Lewis R.(1971)。Mortuary Practices: Their Study and Their Potential。Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices。Washington, D.C:Society for American Archaeology。
2.
Tainter, Joseph(1978)。Mortuary Practices and the study of prehistoric social systems。Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory。New York:Academic Press。
3.
Brown, James A(1981)。The search for rank in prehistoric burials。The Archaeology of Death。Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press。
4.
Brumfiel, Elizabeth(1994)。Factional competition and political development in the new World: an introduction。Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World。Cambridge:New York:Cambridge University Press。
5.
Wu, Xiaolong(2004)。Female and Male Status Displayed at the Maoqinggou Cemetery。Gender and Chinese Archaeology。Walnut Creek:Lanham:New York:Toronto:Oxford:AltaMira Press。
6.
Linduff, Katheryn M.(2008)。The Gender of Luxury and Power among the Xiongnu in Eastern Eurasia。Are All Warriors Male: Gender Roles on the Ancient Eurasian Steppe。Lanham, MD:AltaMira Press。
7.
Wu, Jui-man(2004)。The Late Neolithic Cemetery at Dadianzi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region。Gender and Chinese Archaeology。Walnut Creek, Lanham:AltaMira Press。
8.
Chapman, R.、Randsborg, K.(1981)。Approaches to the Archaeology of Death。The Archaeology of Death。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
9.
Harke, H.(1997)。The nature of burial data。Burial and Society。Aarhus:Aarhus University Press。
10.
Pearson, M. Parker(1984)。Economic and ideological change: cyclical growth in the pre-state societies of Jutland。Ideology, power and prehistory。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
11.
Linduff, Katheryn M.(2002)。Women’s Lives Memorialized in Ancient China at Anyang。In Pursuit of Gender, Worldwide Archaeological Perspectives。Scarecrow Press。
12.
胡厚宣(1970)。殷人疾病考。甲骨學商史論叢初集。香港:文友堂書店。
延伸查詢
13.
Chang, Cheng-lang(1986)。A Brief Discussion of Fu Tzu。Studies of Shang Archaeology。New Haven:Yale University Press。
14.
Hu, Houxuan(1970)。殷墟疾病考。
延伸查詢
15.
楊升南(1983)。卜辭所見諸侯對商王室的臣屬關係。甲骨文與殷商史。上海:上海古籍出版社。
延伸查詢
16.
Linduff, Katheryn M.(2003)。Many Wives, One Queen in Shang China。Ancient Queens: Archaeological Explorations。
17.
Linduff, Katheryn M.(1996)。Art and Identity: The Chinese and Their ‘Significant Others’ in the Shang。Cultural Contact, History, and Ethnicity in Inner Asia。Toronto:Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies。
18.
Appadurai, Arjun(1986)。Introduction: Commodities and the Politics of Value。The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective。Cambridge University Press。
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