This study analyzes the area outside the city walls of the Western Han and Tang imperial capitals of Chang'an. Although there has been considerable historical and archaeological research on the urbanized area within the walls of these two cities, the surrounding areas have not previously been systematically investigated. Through the use of detailed survey maps at a scale of 1:10,000 from the early twentieth century, coordinated with archaeologically documented remains and reconstructed plans of the cities themselves, a Geographical Information System (GIS) has been developed. This GIS graphically indicates the remains of a grid of roadways outside the city walls, relating to gateways and major avenues within the cities. The coordination with landmarks from these time periods shows that there was a planned network of roads in this area at least as early as the Western Han, that the Tang city of Chang'an was planned in conjunction with this grid of roadways, and that there are certain areas of of the Tang city where the regular grid of streets and neighborhoods may not have actually been built as shown on the traditional reconstructions. The GIS will be available on line for public access.