目的：本研究主要目的在探討12週的阻力訓練(resistance training, RT)與結合有氧和阻力訓練(combined aerobic and resistance training, CART)對大學男生動脈硬化程度之影響。 方法：36名大學男生（20.22 ± 2.47 歲）自願參與本研究，並隨機分配至RT組、CART組或控制組（sedentary control group, SC 組），每組各12名。RT組和CART組每週接受3天，持續12週的阻力訓練，訓練負荷為：70%最大反覆，實施3組，8-12次反覆，8個動作；CART組並額外接受70-80%最大心跳率，持續30分鐘之固定式腳踏車訓練。統計方法以混合設計二因子變異數分析，考驗三組前、後測是否有顯著的交互作用。若交互作用達到顯著差異水準，則進一步進行單純主要效果之處理。 另以皮爾遜積差相關法找出動脈硬化指數(arterial stiffness index, ASI)與心血管疾病危險因子之關係。 結果：(1)RT組和CART組顯著增加所有動作部位之最大肌力(p < .05)；(2)12週的運動訓練介入對ASI、血脂質、血壓和身體組成均沒有影響；(3)ASI與舒張壓(r = − 0.382, p < .05)和平均動脈壓(r = −0.334, p < .05)呈顯著負相關，但與其他心血管疾病危險因子無關。 結論：12週的阻力訓練及結合有氧和阻力訓練對大學男生動脈硬化程度沒有影響，證實以美國運動醫學會所建議的阻力訓練指導方針來從事運動訓練，並不會增加動脈硬化程度或損害血管功能。而在健康、年輕的大學生之中，動脈硬化程度與舒張壓和平均動脈壓有關。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) and combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on arterial stiffness in male college students. Methods: Thirty-six males (20.22 ± 2.47 years) volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to either RT group (n = 12), CART group (n = 12), or sedentary control (SC) group (n = 12). The RT and CART groups performed RT three times a week for 12 weeks, and the CART group performed a cycle exercise at 70-80% of the maximal heart rate for 30 min immediately after each RT session. Two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures on one factor (Time) were used to examine training effects. For those with interactions, the main effect will be used to further analyze the treatment effect under different conditions. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationship between arterial stiffness index (ASI) and other CVD risk factors. Results: (1) Both RT and CART groups significantly increased 1RM values on all trained muscle groups, (2) no significant changes in ASI, blood lipid profiles, blood pressure or body composition were observed in the experimental groups, and (3) ASI was negatively correlated to diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = − 0.382, p < .05) and mean arterial pressure (MAP; r = − 0.334, p < .05); no correlations among ASI and other cardiovascular disease risk factors were found. Conclusions: The 12 weeks of RT and CART dose not alter arterial stiffness, suggesting that RT when performed in accordance with American College of Sports Medicine guidelines does not have deteriorate effects on arterial function. DBP and MAP were important determinants of ASI in healthy male college students.