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題名：南韓性賣買特別法和警方掃黃行動對性產業的影響
書刊名：犯罪與刑事司法研究
作者：秋景皙／崔慶植／成容銀／郭綺雯
作者(外文)：Choo, Kyung-seok／Choi, Kyung-shick／Sung, Yong-eun／Kwok, Sharon Ingrid
出版日期：2011
卷期：17
頁次：頁59-88
主題關鍵詞：韓國；性服務；性工作者；犯罪轉移；Korea；Sex service；Sex worker；Crime displacement
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:32
南韓政府於 2004年頒布了“性賣買特別法” (Act on the Punishment of Intermediating in the Sex Trade)。此法案包括加重對妓院的持有人及性服務顧客的懲罰。法案推行以後，不少人認為此法案根本未能真正的壓制當地的性產業活動，而只能令活動傳統的紅燈區轉移至其他更隱蔽的場所繼續經營，造成了犯罪轉移 (crime displacement)。犯罪轉移的研究在犯罪學的領域上受學者重視，其研究對於公共政策的制定及執法部門同樣重要。一個法案制定與執行的成敗，往往決定於法案制定及執行後會否出現犯罪轉移的情況。換言之，假若法案推行後出現嚴重的、大規模的犯罪轉移，就代表著法案未能有效打擊或減少罪行，相反，更有機會增加日後打擊罪案的困難度。 在次研究中，我們採用了三種不同的研究資料作為研究基礎，包括 2000年至 2009年有關參與性產業活動的官方犯罪統計數據，一百七十四份有關性產業的新聞剪報，及一千多位當地性工作者問卷調查等資料作分析。我們發現南韓的反性產業新法例和一連串的掃蕩行動表面上取得成效，但事實上對於年資較長和曾經從事非性產業妓院賣淫活動的性工作者，以及性服務顧客的作用有限，反而出現了犯案地點轉移 (spatial displacement)和犯罪手法轉移 (tactical displacement)。最後，作者會從政策及理論層面作討論，說明犯罪轉移出現的決定因素是在於犯罪機會，犯罪者及監管措施等影响，為犯罪轉移的研究訂下新的研究方向。
In September of 2004, the government of South Korea enacted the “Act on the Punishment of Intermediating in the Sex Trade.” Included in the law are strict penalties such as large fnes and long prison sentences for both the owners of brothels and their patrons. Despite this law, many observers in Korea have suggested that the legislation does little more than suppress the sex trade, which then causes it to displace from red light districts to more clandestine locations and leading to crime displacement. Displacement is a central concern of researchers, policymakers, and others concerned with crime prevention and proactive policing as it is a crucial indicator to evaluate the fail or success of the control measures. Serious crime displacement not only indicates the failure of the control measures, it also creates barriers in crime controlling in the future. The paper introduces the theoretical background of crime displacement and presents theories and general concepts of crime displacement. A discussion then follows regarding the analysis of offcial data on prostitution in the years 2000 to 2009 and a news content analysis of crime displacement based on 174 newspaper articles as well as a secondary data analysis derived from a survey of 1,078 Korean sex workers in 7 cities throughout South Korea. Despite the official crime statistics reveals that the legislation and police crackdown seem to be successful, our findings indicate that the controlling effect on the johns, the older prostitutes with longer brothel experience is limited and consequently leading to tactical and spatial displacement. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of theory and policy for improving our understanding of current anti-prostitution policies and efforts to control prostitution.
期刊論文
1.Reppetto, T. A.(1976)。Crime prevention and the Displacement Phenomenon。Crime and Delinquency，22(6)，166-177。  new window
2.Hesseling, R. B. P.(1994)。Displacement: A Review of the Empirical Literature。Crime Prevention Studies，3，197-230。  new window
3.Mayew, P.、Clarke, R. V.、Elliot, D.(1989)。Motorcycle Theft, Helmet Legislation and Displacement。Howard Journal of Criminal Justice，28(1)，1-8。  new window
4.Cornish, Derek B.、Clarke, Ronald V. G.(1987)。Understanding crime displacement: An application of rational choice theory。Criminology，25(4)，933-947。  new window
5.Wilson, J. Q.、Kelling, G. L.(1982)。Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety。Atlantic Monthly，249(3)，29-38。  new window
6.Knutsson, J.、Kuhlhorn, E.(1981)。Macro-Measures against Crime. The Example of Check Forgeries。Information Bulletin，1。  new window
7.Holt, T. J.、Blevins, K. R.、Kuhns, J. B.(2008)。Examining the displacement practices of johns with on-line data。Journal of Criminal Justice，36，522-528。  new window
8.Allatt, P.(1984)。Residential security: Containment and displacement of burglary。Howard Journal of Criminal Justice，23(2)，99-116。  new window
9.Choi, H. Y.(2007)。Shocking! Infiltration reportage: High school prostitute village in the middle of metropolitan Seoul。Shindonga Magazine，579，168-177。  new window
10.Clarke, R. V.(1990)。Deterring obscene phone callers: Preliminary results of the New Jersey experience。Security Journal，1，143-148。  new window
11.Eck, J. E.(1993)。The threat of crime displacement。Criminal Justice Abstracts，25，527-546。  new window
12.Gabor, T.(1981)。The crime displacement hypothesis: An Empirical examination。Crime and Delinquency，26，390-404。  new window
13.Guerette, R. T.、Bowers, K. J.(2009)。Assessing the extent of crime displacement and diffusion of benefits: A review of situational crime prevention evaluations。Criminology，47(4)，1331-1368。  new window
14.Haney, C.、Banks, W. C.、Zimbardo, P. G.(1973)。Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison。International Journal of Criminology and Penology，1，69–97。  new window
15.Weisburd, D.、Green, L.(1995)。Policing drug hot sports: The Jersey City drug market analysis experiment。Justice Quarterly，12(4)，711-734。  new window
16.Holt, T. J.、Blevins, K. R.、Kuhns, J. B.(2009)。Examining diffusion and arrest avoidance practices among johns。Crime and Delinquency，1-24。  new window
17.Hubbard, P.(1998)。Community action and the displacement of street prostitution: Evidence from British cities。Geoforum，29(3)，269-286。  new window
18.Lee, K. J.(2009)。Evaluation and recommendation after 4 years of the enactment of the act on punishment of intermediating sex trade。Korean Criminological Review，20(1)，701-720。  new window
19.Lowman, J.(1992)。Street prostitution control some canadian refections on the Finsbury Park experience。British Journal of Criminology，32，1-17。  new window
20.McNamara, R. P.(1994)。Hustlers in a shifting marketplace: The effects of displacement on male prostitution。American Journal of Police，13(3)，95-117。  new window
21.Matthews, R.(1990)。Developing more effective strategies for curbing prostitution。Security Journal，1，182-187。  new window
22.Murphy, A. K.、Venkatesh, S. A.(2006)。Vice careers: The changing contours of sex work in New York City。Qualitative Sociology，29，129-154。  new window
23.Weisburd, D.、Wyckoff, L. A.、Ready, J.、Hinkle, J. C.、Gajewski, F.(2006)。Does crime just move around the corner? A controlled study of spatial displacement and diffusion of crime control benefts。Criminology，44，549-591。  new window
研究報告
1.Chaiken, J.、Lawless, M.、Stevenson, K.(1974)。The Impact of Police Activity on Crime: Robberies on the New York City Subway System。CA。  new window
2.Ekblom, P.(1987)。Preventing Robbery at Sub-Post O1jces: An Evaluation of a Security Initiative。London。  new window
3.Presidential Commission on Policy Planning(2008)。Prevention of Sex Trade: Toward Improvement of Women's Right through Eradication of Sex Trade。Seoul。  new window
4.Bowers, K.、Johnson, S.(2003)。The role of publicity in crime prevention: Findings from the reducing bulgary initiative。London。  new window
圖書
1.Felson, Marcus、Clarke, Ronald V.(1998)。Opportunity makes the thief。Home Office。  new window
2.Guerette, R. T.(2009)。Analyzing Crime Displacement and Diffusion. D. C.。USA。  new window
3.Jang, J. O.、Choo, K.、Choi, K.S.(2009)。Human Tra1jcking and Smuggling of Korean Women for Sexual Exploitation to the United States。Seoul, South Korea。  new window
4.Matthews, R.(1993)。Kerb-Crawling, Prostitution and Multi-Agency Policing。London。  new window
5.Barrc, R.、Pease, K.(1990)。Crime placement, displacement and defection。Crime and Justice: A Review of Research。IL。  new window
6.Clarke, R. V.、Mayhew, P.(1988)。The British gas suicide story and its criminological implications。Crime and Justice: A Review of Research。IL。  new window
7.Curtis, R.、Sviridoff, M.(1994)。The social organization of street-level drug markets and its impact on the displacement effect。Crime Displacement: The Other Side of Prevention。NY。  new window
8.Hakim, S.、Rengert, G.(1981)。Introduction。Crime Spillover。CA。  new window
9.Weiss, C.(1995)。Nothing as practical as good theory: Exploring theory-based evaluation for comprehensive community initiatives for children and families。New Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives。DC。  new window
其他
1.Ann, H. J.(2007)。Changed cultural landscape after 3 years of the enactment of the act on the punishment of intermediating in the sex trade。  new window
2.Park, S. W.(2006)。More than a half is married men in sex trade。  new window
3.Kang, S. H.(2005)。One year after the Act on the punishment of intermediating in the sex trade: New pattern of sex trade using the internet。  new window
4.Heo, J. H.(2008)。Interview with sex workers: After 4 years of the enactment of the act on the punishment of intermediating in the sex trade。  new window
5.Lee, J. Y.(2006)。Survey Analysis of Prostitution after the Enactment of the 2004 on the Punishment of Intermediating in the Sex Trade Act ( A1-2006-0071)。  new window
 
 
 
 
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