期刊論文1. | Nenow, Lydia(2001)。To Patent or Not to Patent: The European Union's New Biotech Directive。Houston Journal of International Law,23,569。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
2. | Di Cataldo, Vincenzo(2002)。From The European Patent To A Community Patent。Columbia Journal of European Law,8,19-36。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
3. | Restaino, Leslie G.、Steven E. Halpern、Dr. Eric L. Tang(2003)。Patenting DNA- Related Inventions in the European Union, United States and Japan:A Trilateral Approach or a Study in Contrast?。UCLA Journal of Law and Technology,1-49。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
4. | Jameson, Samantha A.(2007)。A Comparison Of The Patentability And Patent Scope Of Biotechnological Inventions In The United States And The European Union。American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA) Quarterly Journal,35,193-262。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
5. | Schatz, Ulrich(1998)。Patentability of Genetic Engineering Inventions in European Patent Office Practice。International Review of Industrial Property & Copyright Law,29,2-25。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
6. | Gitter, Donna M.(2001)。Led Astray by the Moral Compass: Incorporating Morality into European Union Biotechnology Patent Law。Berkeley Journal of International Law,19,1。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
7. | Chambers, Jasemine(2002)。Patent Eligibility of Biotechnological Inventions in the United States, Europe, and Japan: How much patent policy is public policy?。The George Washington International Law Review,34(1),226。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
8. | Mills, John Gladstone III(2002)。A Transnational Patent Convention for the Acquisition and Enforcement of International Rights。J. PAT. & TRADEMARK OFF. SOC'Y,84。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
9. | (1989)。Biotech Commission: Proposal for a Council Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions。O.J. (C 10),3。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
10. | Casey, Kevin R.(2007)。The European Patent “Situation”。DEL. L. REV.,9,107。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
11. | Chen, In-Chin(2006)。Human Embryonic Stem Cell Patent and Protection of Embryos -- Controversies Surrounding Directive 98/44/EC。TECH. L. REV.,3(1),75。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
12. | (1985)。Commission of the European Communities, Completing the Internal Market: White Paper from the Commission to the European Council。COM,85,310。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
13. | (2002)。Commission of the European Communities, Development and Implications of Patent Law in the Field of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering。COM,545。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
14. | (1992)。Third Report of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Citizens' Rights on the Commission Proposal for a Council Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions。Eur. Parl. Doc. (COM 880496 final--C3-0036/89--SYN 159),27。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
15. | Wang, Fu-Ching(2005)。The Analysis of “Directive 98/44/EC on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions”。PROP. & ECON. L.J.,4,71。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
16. | Skarstad, Robin Beck(1999)。The European Union's Self-Defeating Policy: Patent Harmonization and the Ban on Human Cloning。U. PA. J. INT’L ECON. L.,20,353。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
17. | Wang, Fu-Ching(2008)。The Meanings and Arguments of “Public Order or Morality Clause” on the “Directive 98/44/EC on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions”。SCI. & TECH. L.J.,1,199。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
18. | (1988)。EuropeanCommunities, July 1967 to October 1993 > Commission, Proposal for a Council Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions。COM,88,496。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
19. | Wang, Fu-Ching(2009)。The Moral Arguments on the “Directive 98/44/EC on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions'--Review of Patent Systems in Taiwan。J. SCI. & TECH.,4,21。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
20. | Shum, Jenny(2010)。Note: Moral Disharmony: Human Embryonic Stem Cell Patent Laws, Warf, and Public Policy。B.C. INT’L & COMP. L. REV.,33,153。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
21. | Scalise, David G.、Nugent, Daniel(1993)。Patenting Living Matter in the European Community: Diriment of the Draft Directive。FORD- HAM INT’L L.J.,16,990。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
22. | Kilger, Christian(2005)。The Erosion of Compound Protection in Germany: Implementation of the EU Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions-The German Way。J. PAT. & TRADEMARK OFF. SOC'Y,87,569。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
23. | Cannon, Seth(2003)。Achieving the Benefits of a Centralized Community Patent System at Minimal Cost。CASE W. RES. J. INT’L L.,35,415 ; 423-431。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
24. | (2005)。ommission of the European Communities, Development and Implications of Patent Law in the Field of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering。COM,312。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
25. | (2001)。Communication from the commission, Towards a Strategic Vision of life Sciences and Biotechnology: Consultation Document。COM,454。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
26. | (2003)。Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, to the Council and to the European Economic and Social Committee, Life Sciences and Biotechnology -A Strategy for Europe Progress Report and Future Orientations。COM,96。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
27. | Dotson, Darrell G., Comment,(1997)。The European Controversy Over Genetic-Engineering Patents。HOUS. J. INT!L L.,19,919。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
28. | (1998)。European Commission, Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions。O.J.,213。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
29. | (2010)。European Commission, Proposal for a Council Decision- Authorizing Enhanced Cooperation in the Area of the Creation of Unitary Patent Protection。COM,790。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
30. | (2000)。European Commission, Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Community patent。COM,412。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
31. | (2010)。European Commission, Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Translation Arrangements for the European Union Patent。COM,350。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
其他1. | Answers.com,http://www.answers.com/topic/biotechnology, 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
2. | (2009)。Bruno van Pottelsberghe & Jérôme Danguy, Economic Cost-Benefits Analysis of the Community Patent, Final Version Submitted to EC DG Internal Market 2-3。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
3. | (2007)。Commission of the European Communities, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council - Enhancing the Patent System in Europe, COM (2007) 165 final 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
4. | EUROPA(2000)。Commission Proposes the Creation of a Community Patent, IP/00/714,http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/00/714&format=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=fr, 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
5. | EUROPA(1997)。Information Memo on the Patent System in Europe, MEMO/97/65,http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/97/65&fonnat=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en, 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
6. | European Commission。State of Play of the Implementation of Directive 98/44/EC,http://ec.europa.eu/interaal_market/indprop/docs/invent/state-of-pl-ay_en.pdf, 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
7. | European Patent Office。Biotechnology in European Patents - Threat or promise?,http://www.epo.org/topics/issues/biotechnology.html, 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
8. | European Patent Office。EPLA - European Patent Litigation Agreement 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
9. | European Patent Office, Implementing Regulations to the Convention on the Grant of European Patents,http://www.epo.org/patents/law/legal-texts/html/epc/1973/e/ma2.html, 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
10. | Herdegen, Matthias(2001)。Patenting Human Genes and other Parts of the Human Body under EC Biotechnology Directive, BlO-SCIENCE L. REV.,http://pharmalicensing.com/public/articles/view/1008262393_3c18dcf915cel, 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
11. | EUROPA(2009)。Patents: EU Achieves Political Breakthrough on an Enhanced Patent System, IP/09/1880, December 4th 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |
12. | Euronean Patent Office Member States of the European Patent Organisation,http://www.epo.org/about-us/epo/member-states.html, 20110305。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) |