日治時期圖書館的館藏文獻，在臺灣歷經二次大戰戰火、統治政權交替及天然災害頻傳等破壞，能倖存下來的書籍相對罕見、珍稀，如何長期保存並推廣應用這些珍貴文獻，隨著臺灣研究漸成學術顯學，成為近年來備受關注的課題。本文即以臺灣典藏日治時期圖書館舊藏現況為探討核心。首先，概述日治時期圖書館和圖書館的設立及戰後各機構接收簡史；接著，分述國內主要典藏機構接收日治時期圖書館舊藏回溯編目與開放概況，及其數位典藏計畫發展；最後，總結國內日治時期圖書館舊藏現況，並以資源開放和整合發展，提出二點建議。

This paper provides an overview of the preservation and digitization of the collections that took over libraries of the Japanese colonial era. First of all, this paper introduces the brief history of public and school libraries in 1895-1945 and the takeover of library collections in the early postwar years. Furthermore, describing the status of the special collections management by libraries, and investigating the digital archive projects of the rare books in Taiwan. With the experiences and achievements in these projects, this paper suggests that the possibilities of open access and integrated development for libraries in the future.