目標：本研究之目的為瞭解並比較不同登革熱流行程度社區之居民對登革熱相關的認知與環境風險知覺。方法：本研究為一橫斷性的調查。首先將高雄市所有的里按登革熱的流行程度區分為高、中、低三種層次的組別，之後再以等距抽樣於三組中各抽出兩個里進行家戶資料收集，並特別挑選家戶主要清潔者進行面訪。結果：總計訪問598個家戶。研究結果顯示，高流行程度社區的居民對登革熱相關蟲媒知識有一定程度的了解，且對於登革熱的流行與被感染的可能有所意識，然而他們卻仍低估家戶外環境不佳將導致的風險。相對的，低流行社區的居民雖然自覺最不受到登革熱的威脅，但仍最為戒慎恐懼，且認為疾病防治需同時從環境與自我防護著手。而中流行社區之民眾的知識最差，對登革熱的流行也最不憂心，且他們在疾病防治上相當依賴政府的噴藥措施。結論：處於登革熱流行程度不同社區之民眾，對登革熱蟲媒相關認知與環境風險知覺確有不同，登革熱的預防與控制應該設計因地制宜的介入方案。

Objectives: To examine and compare vector-related knowledge and the perceptions of environmental risk among residents living in communities exposed to different levels of dengue attack. Methods: This study was a cross sectional survey. The magnitude of the dengue epidemic was calculated for all communities (Li, the basic administrative unit) in Kaohsiung City and was further differentiated into three levels (low, medium, and high). Two communities were selected from each level by systematic sampling. Interviews were carried out with the person responsible for domestic hygiene in each household. Results: A total of 598 valid household interviews were conducted (low=194, median=200, high=204). Residents with a high level of dengue attack were knowledgeable about dengue vectors. They were also conscious of the possible adverse effects of dengue infection; however, they tended to pay inadequate attention to the outdoor environment. In contrast, residents in low magnitude communities perceived the least threat of dengue, but they were the most alert, and believed in the dual necessity of environmental management and self-protection to prevent dengue. For respondents residing in communities of a medium magnitude of epidemic risk, their vector-related knowledge was the poorest and they had the least anxiety about dengue infection. They also believed that the use of pesticides by the government was the most efficient strategy for fighting against dengue. Conclusions: Vector-related knowledge and the environmental risk perceptions for dengue varied with the severity of neighborhood dengue epidemics. Strategies for dengue prevention and control should be developed and tailored to the needs of residents based on the risk of dengue attack.