獨自療傷的記者？從社會支持取徑檢視記者創傷壓力的調適_

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題名：	獨自療傷的記者？從社會支持取徑檢視記者創傷壓力的調適
書刊名：	中華傳播學刊
作者：	王靜嬋／許瓊文
作者(外文)：	Wang, Ching-chan／Hsu, Julia Chiung-wen
出版日期：	2012
卷期：	22
頁次：	頁211-257
主題關鍵詞：	社會支持；創傷新聞；創傷壓力；新聞記者；Social support；Trauma news；Traumatic stress；Journalists
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:3 共同引用:0 點閱:35

近年來天災、人禍頻仍，採訪創傷與災難事件的記者，卻沒有受到如消防、救難等第一線人員相同地重視，本文援引預測創傷壓力的重要變因—社會支持系統，檢視國內記者採訪創傷新聞後的創傷壓力、壓力來源，及社會支持採用現況。本文深度訪談電視新聞記者，發現採訪重大事件的記者部分經歷創傷壓力徵狀，當時多半不自覺或選擇自我療傷，只有少部分轉向社會支持系統，而尋求閱聽人、輿論肯定與傳統儀式的社會支持是國內情境的特殊發現。

以文找文

Although they are some of the first responders to man-made or natural disasters, journalists do not garner the same amount of attention regarding traumatic stress alleviation as do rescue workers. This study uses studies on the social support systems used to increase journalists' resilience to examine Taiwanese journalists' reactions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 TV journalists. This study found that journalists who cover severe disasters experience traumatic stress, although most are not aware of this fact at the time. Those who recognize traumatic stress typically attempt self-adjustment and rarely rely on social support or counseling interventions. For the social environment of Taiwan, our distinctive findings showed that journalists tend to find support from their audiences or public opinion, relying on traditional cultural rituals, such as inoculations, excuses, and remedies.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Coetzee, Siedine K.、Klopper, Hester C.(2010)。Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: A concept analysis。Nursing & Health Sciences，12(2)，235-243。
2.	Abdel-Halim, A. A.(1982)。Social Support and Managerial Affective Responses to Job Stress。Journal of Occupational Behaviour，3(4)，281-295。
3.	LaRocco, James M.、House, James S.、French, John R. P. Jr.(1980)。Social Support, Occupational Stress, and Health。Journal of Health and Social Behavior，21(3)，202-218。
4.	Bride, B. E.(2007)。Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among social workers。Social Work，52(1)，63-70。
5.	Joinson, C.(1992)。Coping with compassion fatigue。Nursing，22(4)，116-121。
6.	Brewin, C. R.、Andrews, B.、Valentine, J. D.(2000)。Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，68(5)，748-766。
7.	Cohen, Sheldon、Wills, Thomas Ashby(1985)。Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis。Psychological Bulletin，98(2)，310-357。

研究報告
1.	許瓊文(2010)。初探台灣電視媒體追求創傷新聞的後果--從競爭意涵、記者創傷壓力與閱聽人閱聽感受談起 (計畫編號：NSC97-2410-H004-061-MY2)。延伸查詢

學位論文
1.	王靜嬋(2010)。「社會支持」模式於新聞從業人員採訪創傷新聞事件後壓力調適之關係初探(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。延伸查詢
2.	胡中宜(1997)。保護管束少年福利需求滿足,社會支持與情緒幸福感之相關研究(碩士論文)。中國文化大學。延伸查詢
3.	范相惠(2008)。台灣新聞從業人員工作中閒聊現象之初探(碩士論文)。國立交通大學。延伸查詢
4.	熊迺祺(2009)。新聞記者遭遇職場暴行之研究(碩士論文)。國立中正大學。延伸查詢
5.	江穎盈(2009)。大學生的生活壓力、社會支持與生命意義之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	Taylor, S. E.、Peplau, L. A.、Sears, D. O.、張滿鈴(2003)。社會心理學。台北：雙葉書廊。延伸查詢
2.	American Psychiatric Association(2000)。Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders。Washington, DC：American Psychiatric Association。
3.	Peplau, L. A.、Taylor, S. E.、Sears, D. O.(1997)。Social psychology。Prentice-Hall。
4.	Caplan, Gerald(1974)。Support Systems and Community Mental Health: Lectures on Concept Development。Behavioral Publications。

單篇論文
1.	許瓊文(2009)。To Be or Not to Be : 新聞記者採訪報導受害者的新聞倫理決策。延伸查詢

其他
1.	陸逸馨(2009)。在筆鋒之外--記者採訪災難後的心理衝擊。延伸查詢
2.	新聞與創傷研究群(2010)。自學單元1：新聞與創傷。延伸查詢
3.	新聞與創傷研究群(2010)。自學單元三：攝影和創傷。延伸查詢
4.	Benedek, D. M., Fullerton, C., & Ursano, R. J.(2007)。First responders: Mental health consequences of natural and human-made disasters for public health and public safety workers。
5.	Bennetts, J.(2008)。Protecting our journalists: Issues of safety and traumatic stress in the media。
6.	Bisson, J. I., Brayne, M., Ochberg, F. M., & Everly, G. S.(2007)。Early psychosocial intervention following traumatic events。
7.	Brayne, M.(2007)。Trauma & journalism: A guide for journalists, editors & managers。
8.	Brief, A., & Weiss, H.(2002)。Organizational behavior: Affect in workplace。
9.	Brown, J., Mulhern, G., & Joseph, S.(2002)。Incident-related stressors, locus of control, coping and psychological distress among firefighters in Northern Ireland。
10.	Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J.(2000)。A correlational test of the relationship between, posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing。
11.	Cameron, J.(2007)。Journalism and trauma: Research report，Sheffield, UK：The University of Sheffield, Institute of Work Psychology。
12.	Castle, P.(1999)。Journalism and trauma: Proposals for change。
13.	Dominguez-Gomez, B., & Rutledge, D. N.(2009)。Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses。
14.	Feinstein, A., Owen, J., & Blair, N.(2002)。A hazardous profession: War, journalists, and psychopathology。
15.	Frank, R. M., & Perigoe, R.(2009)。Informed mutual support: Options on violence and trauma from the perspective of the journalist。
16.	Green, K. P., & Sykes, J.(200507)。Post-disaster counseling for journalists: Professionalization drives change，Taipei, Taiwan。
17.	Hight, J., & Smyth, F.(2003)。Tragedies & journalists: A guide for more effective coverage。
18.	Hyman, O.(2004)。Perceived social support and secondary traumatic stress symptoms in emergency responders。
19.	Jones, N., Roberts, P., & Greenberg, N.(2003)。Peer-group risk assessment: A post-traumatic management strategy for hierarchical organizations。
20.	Kaufmann, G. M., & Beehr, T. A.(1989)。Occupational stressors, individual strains, and social supports among police officers。
21.	Kopel, H., & Friedman, M.(1997)。Posttraumatic symptoms in South African police exposed to violence。
22.	Kuzel, A. J.(1992)。Sampling in qualitative inquiry，Thousand Oaks, CA：Sage。
23.	Marais, A., & Stuart, A. D.(2005)。The role of temperament in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder amongst journalists。
24.	McFarlane, A. C., & Yehuda, R.(1996)。Resilience, vulnerability, and the course of posttraumatic reactions，New York：The Guilford Press。
25.	McMahon, C.(2001)。Covering disaster: A pilot study into secondary trauma for print media journalists reporting on disaster。
26.	McMahon, C., & McLellan, T.(2008)。Journalists reporting for duty: Resilience, trauma and growth，Hauppauge, NY：Nova Science。
27.	Newman, E., Simpson, R., & Handschuh, D.(2003)。Trauma exposure and post traumatic stress disorder among photojournalists。
28.	Poulin, M. J., Silver, R. C., Gil-Rivas, V., Holman, E. A., & McIntosh, D. N.(2009)。Finding social benefits after a collective trauma: Perceiving societal changes and well-being following 9/11。
29.	Pyevich, C. M., Newman, E., & Daleiden, E.(2003)。The relationship among cognitive schemas, job-related traumatic exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder in journalists。
30.	Ricchiardi, S.(1999)。Confronting the horror。
31.	Ricchiardi, S.(2001)。After adrenaline。
32.	Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R.(1990)。Traditional view of social support and their impact on assessment，New York：Wiley。
33.	Smith, R., & Newman, E.(2009)。Covering trauma: Impact on journalists。
34.	Spratt, M.(2005)。Unraveling media and trauma connections。
35.	Stephens, C., Long, N., & Miller, I.(1997)。The impact of trauma and social support on posttraumatic stress disorder: A study of New Zealand police officers。
36.	Teegen, F., & Grotwinkel, M.(2001)。Traumatic exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder of journalists. An internet-based study。
37.	van der Kolk, B. A., & Fisler, R.(1995)。Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: Overview and exploratory study。
38.	Weidmann, A., Fehm, L., & Fydrich, T.(2008)。Covering the tsunami disaster: Subsuquent post-traumatic and depressive symptoms and associated social factors。

圖書論文
1.	Bennett, D.、Morris, I.(1983)。Support and Rehabilitation。Theory and Practice of Psychiatric Rehabilitation。John Wiley and Sons。
2.	Figley, C. R.(1995)。Compassion fatigue as secondary traumatic stress disorder: An overview。Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized。Brunner/Mazel。

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