明眼者與盲者對器物可伸取性的知覺與姿勢控制__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	明眼者與盲者對器物可伸取性的知覺與姿勢控制
書刊名：	中華心理學刊
作者：	黃嘉君／楊梓楣
作者(外文)：	Huang, Chia-chun／Yang, Chih-mei
出版日期：	2011
卷期：	53:1
頁次：	頁21-34
主題關鍵詞：	生態心理學；身體擺動；盲者；知覺-行動；環境賦使；Affordance；Blind；Body sway；Ecological psychology；Perception-action
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:2 共同引用:24 點閱:32

在無視覺情境下，個體可透過聽覺判斷器物之可伸取性。當面對不同的工作要求或環境，藉身體擺動的調整得以擷取有效訊息。而盲者的主要知覺系統及經驗與明眼者不同。本研究目的即在檢證明眼者與盲者對器物可伸取性的知覺差異，並透過身體擺動，檢視兩者覺知環境賦使時的姿勢控制。實驗參與者為20 名明眼者及8名全盲者。實驗中明眼組以視覺或聽覺，判斷是否可伸手拿取前方器物，並評估判斷信心。盲組則以聽覺判斷。覺知目標物同時記錄參與者的身體擺動。由實驗結果歸納以下結論：(1) 明眼者與盲者以聽覺判斷目標物的可伸取性方面，兩者有相同的準確性和身體尺度比例，但盲者有較大身體擺動；(2) 比較無判斷與判斷試作時的身體擺動，明眼者以視與聽覺判斷時，皆會減少身體擺動，而盲者則在聽覺判斷時增加身體擺動；(3) 明眼者視、聽覺判斷部分，最大可伸取距離的準確性相同，視覺判斷有較大身體尺度比例，較小的身體擺動。因此，為了覺知環境賦使，盲者與明眼者皆產生行動因應的改變，符合生態心理學的知覺－行動配連。盲者與明眼者視、聽知覺經驗不同，因而發展出不同的姿勢控制方式，以獲得適配的環境賦使知覺。

以文找文

Individuals can judge the reachability of object by hearing without vision. Body sway modulation is to pick up available information while facing various task demands or different environments. The primary perceptual system and experiences of blind people are different from those of sighted people. The purposes of this study were to investigate the difference in perception of reachability for sighted and blind people, and to observe their body sway so as to examine postural control while perceiving affordances. Twenty sighted and 8 totally blind people served as participants. The sighted group visually and audibly judged whether the object in front of them was reachable, and rated the confidence of their judgment. The blind group judged the reachability audibly only. Body sway measures were recorded when participants perceived the target. Based on the results, the conclusions are as follows: (1) Regarding sighted and blind people’s auditory judgment of reachability, the two groups exhibited equal accuracy and body-scaled ratio, but higher body sway was found in blind people; (2) Comparing between non-judgment and judgment trials, the body sway of sighted people reduced in visual and auditory judgment, but the body sway of blind people increased in auditory judgment; (3) Visual and auditory judgments of sighted people showed equal accuracy in perception of maximum reachable distance, but higher body-scaled ratio and lower body sway for visual judgment were found. Therefore, consistent with perception-action coupling in ecological psychology, both blind and sighted people’s actions would change in order to perceive affordance. Sighted and blind people with different experiences in visual and auditory perception have developed dissimilar patterns of postural control to perceive the fitting affordance perception.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Stoffregen, T. A.(2000)。Affordances and events。Ecological Psychology，12，1-28。
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3.	Stoffregen, T. A.、Bardy, B. G.、Merhi, O.、Oullier, O.(2004)。Postural responses to two technologies for generating optical flow。Presence，13，601-615。
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5.	Warren, W. H. Jr.、Whang, S.(1987)。Visual guidance of walking through apertures: Body-scaled information for affordances。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance，13(3)，371-383。
6.	Fitzpatrick, P.、Carello, C.、Schmdit, R. C.、Corey, D.(1994)。Haptic and Visual Perception of an Affordance for Upright Posture。Ecological Psychology，6(4)，265-287。
7.	Mark, L. S.(1987)。Eyeheight-scaled information about affordances: A study of sitting and stair climbing。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance，13(3)，361-370。
8.	Stoffregen, T. A.、Yang, C. M.、Bardy, B. G.(2005)。Affordance judgments and nonlocomotor body movement。Ecological Psychology，17(2)，75-104。
9.	Lee, D. M.、Aronson, E.(1974)。Visual proprioceptive control of standing in human infants。Attention, Perception & Psychophysics，15(3)，529-532。
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12.	Warren, W. H. Jr.(1984)。Perceiving affordances: Visual guidance of stair climbing。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance，10(5)，683-703。
13.	Schmidt, R. A.(1975)。A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning。Psychological Review，82(4)，225-260。
14.	楊梓楣、卓俊伶(19980700)。接球動作型式的環境限制變項探討。體育學報，25，269-278。延伸查詢
15.	Mark, Leonard S.、Balliett, James A.、Craver, Kent D.、Douglas, Stephen D.、Fox, Teresa(1990)。What an Actor Must Do in Order to Perceive the Affordance for Sitting。Ecological Psychology，2(4)，325-366。
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圖書
1.	Coren, S.(1992)。The left-hander syndrome : The causes and consequences of left-handedness。New York：Macmillan, Inc。
2.	Cohen, J.(1988)。Statistical power and analysis for the behavioral sciences。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
3.	Gibson, James J.(1966)。The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems。Houghton Mifflin。
4.	Gibson, J. J.(1986)。The ecological approach to visual perception。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
5.	Michaels, Claire F.、Carello, Claudia(1981)。Direct perception。Prentice-Hall。

其他
1.	Ashmead, D. H., Davis, D. L., & Northington, A.(1995)。Contribution of listeners’ approaching motion to auditory distance perception。
2.	Bronkhorst, A. W., & Houtgast, T.(1999)。Auditory distance perception in rooms。
3.	Carello, C., Grosofsky, A., Reichel, F. D., Solomon, H. Y., & Turvey, M. T.(1989)。Visually perceiving what is reachable。
4.	Dichgans, J., & Brandt, T.(1978)。Visual-vestibular interaction: Effects on self-motion perception and postural control。
5.	Easton, R. D., Greene, A. J., DiZio, P., & Lackner, J. R.(1998)。Auditory cues for orientation and postural control in sighted and congenitally blind people。
6.	Gibson, J. J.(1958)。Visually controlled locomotion and visual orientation in animals。
7.	Guski, R.(1992)。Acoustic tau: An easy analogue to visual tau?。
8.	Lessard, N., Paré, M., Lepore, F., & Lassonde, M.(1998)。Early-blind human subjects localize sound sources better than sighted subjects。
9.	Loomis, J. M., Klatzky, R. L., Philbeck, J. W., & Golledge, R. G.(1998)。Assessing auditory distance perception using perceptually directed action。
10.	Morre, D. R., & King, A. J.(1999)。Auditory perception: The near and far of sound localization。
11.	Raper, S. A., & Soames, R. W.(1991)。The influence of stationary auditory fields on postural sway behaviour in man。
12.	Repp, B. H., & Penel, A.(2002)。Auditory dominance intemporal processing : New evidence from synchronization with simultaneous visual and auditory sequences。
13.	Rosenblum, L. D., Wuestefeld, A. P., & Anderson, K. L.(1996)。Auditory reachability: An affordance approach to the perception of sound source distance。
14.	Russell, M. K., & Schneider, A. L.(2006)。Sound source perception in a two-dimensional setting: Comparison of action and nonaction-based response tasks。
15.	Shaw, B. K., McGowan, R. S., & Turvey, M. T.(1991)。An acoustic variable specifying time-to-contact。
16.	Simpson, W. E., & Stanton, L. D.(1973)。Head movement does not facilitate perception of the distance of a source of sound。
17.	Smart, L. J., Stoffregen, T. A., & Bardy, B. G.(2002)。Visually-induced motion sickness predicted by postural instability。
18.	Soames, R. W., & Raper, S. A.(1992)。The influence of moving auditory fields on postural sway behavior in man。
19.	Speigle, J. M., & Loomis, J. M.(1993)。Auditory distance perception by translating observers。
20.	Stoffregen, T. A., Hove, P., Schmit, J., & Bardy, B. G.(2006)。Voluntary and involuntary postural responses to imposed optic flow。
21.	Stoffregen, T. A., Ito, K., Hove, P., Yank, J. R., & Bardy, B. G.(2010)。The postural responses to a moving environment of adults who are blind。
22.	Stoffregen, T. A., Villard, S., Kim, C., Ito, K., & Bardy, B. G.(2009)。Coupling of head and body movement with motion of the audible environment。
23.	Thurlow, W. R., & Runge, P. S.(1967)。Effect of induced head movements on localization of direction of sounds。
24.	Voss, P., Lassonde, M., Gougoux, F., Fortin, M., Guillemot, J., & Lepore, F.(2004)。Early- and lateonset blind individuals show supra-normal auditory abilities in far-space。
25.	Welch, R. B., & Warren, D. H.(1980)。Immediate perceptual response to intersensory discrepancy。

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