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題名：棒球運動參與涉入與觀賞流暢體驗之關係--觀賞涉入為中介變項
書刊名：屏東科大體育學刊
作者：高立學 引用關係／賴世堯
作者(外文)：Gau, Li-shiue／Lai, Shih-yao
出版日期：2013
卷期：2
頁次：頁29-41
主題關鍵詞：專業化；情感涉入；流暢體驗；運動；觀賞運動；Baseball；Specialization；Affective involvement；Flow experience；Sport
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:19
  • 點閱點閱:11
本研究透過棒球運動驗證觀賞運動流暢體驗的存在，分析運動參與和觀賞流暢體驗的關係，及驗證現場觀賞運動涉入為從事棒球運動專業化與觀賞流暢體驗的中介變數。本研究採用問卷調查法，回收有效問卷 107份。測量工具包括從事運動專業化情感涉入量表（ 10題）、運動觀賞涉入情感量表（ 9題）與觀賞運動流暢體驗量表（9題）。量表的信度依序分別為 0.980、0.983、0.985。檢視觀賞運動流暢體驗的分數，有 71 (67.6%)位受訪者回答分數在 4.5以上（ Likert 7點尺度），顯示在觀賞運動中，或多或少有流暢體驗。利用 K平均數集群分析將受訪者區分為「高觀賞運動情感涉入」族群 69人和「低觀賞運動情感涉入」族群 37人；「高從事運動情感涉入」族群 61人和「低從事運動情感涉入」族群 42人。接著使用單因數變異數分析顯示高涉入族群有較高觀賞運動流暢體驗。另外，以回歸分析驗證的現場觀賞運動涉入的中介效果 (mediating effect)，在現場觀賞涉入為中介變數時，專業化程度與觀賞流暢體驗之間的回歸標準化係數由 0.78 (p<.001) 降為 0.19 (p=.023)，顯示棒球運動現場觀賞的情感涉入，產生現場觀賞流暢體驗 (r=0.73)，同時對從事棒球運動專業化程度與觀賞流暢體驗間存在幾乎完全中介效果。建議未來研究可將此模式應用於其它觀賞性運動。
This study attempted to confirm that flow experiences in watching baseball games exist, investigate the relationship between sport participation specialization and the spectators’ flow experiences in baseball, and examine how spectators’ involvement can serve as a mediator in the relationship between sport participation specialization and flow experiences in watching sports. Questionnaires were utilized to collect data, including three scales of baseball participation specialization (10items), baseball spectators’ involvement (9items), and flow experiences in watching baseball games (9items). All items were measured using a 7-point Likert scale from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” By a convenience sampling, 107 returned questionnaires were valid. The scales’ Cronbach’s alphas were .980, .983, and .985. The mean scores (higher than 4.5) of flow experiences in watching sports revealed that 71 respondents (67.6%) more or less enjoyed flow experiences. With K-means cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into the high-spectator-involvement group(69people)and the low-spectator-involvement group(37people). Further, with K-means cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into the high-sport-participation-specialization group(61people) and the group(42people) of low-sport-participation-specialization. The analysis of variance showed that both high involvement and specialization groups had higher flow experiences in watching sports than the low involvement and low specialization groups. The regression analysis was used to test the mediating effect of the spectators’ involvement on the relationship between sport participation specialization and spectators’ flow experiences. The results showed an almost complete mediation effect. The standardized regression coefficients of the sport participation specialization were decreased from 0.78(p<.001) to 0.19 (p=.023) when the spectators’ involvement was put into the regression equation as another independent variable.This indicated that the spectators’ involvement could predict the spectators’ flow experience (r=0.73) and served as an important mediator of the relationship between the sport participation specialization and the spectators’ flow experience. Future research can examine the mediation model in different sports.
期刊論文
1.高立學(2009)。台中洲際棒球場興建後之效益評估。運動與遊憩研究，4(4)，1-21。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.高立學(20101200)。特定休閒運動的參與和觀賞之關係模型--以籃球為例。運動健康與休閒學刊，18，31-42。  延伸查詢new window
3.高立學(20101200)。從「透過運動表達自我」理論分析運動參與和觀賞之關係。運動與遊憩研究，5(2)，76-85。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.簡桂彬(20080300)。青少年運動中流暢經驗之研究。人文社會學報. 國立臺灣科技大學，4，259-280。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Duncan, M. C.(1983)。The symbolic dimensions of spectator sport。Quest，35(1)，29-36。  new window
6.Havitz, M. E.(1999)。Activity involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes。Journal of Leisure Research，7(2)，122-149。  new window
7.Gunter, B. G.、Gunter, N. C.(1980)。Leisure styles: A conceptual framework for modem leisure。The Sociological Quarterly，21(3)，361-374。  new window
8.高立學、郭同堯(20091200)。打籃球和看籃球的關係。運動休閒餐旅研究，4(4)，90-102。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Zaichkowky, J. L.(1985)。Measuring the Involvement Constructs。Journal of Consumer Research，12(3)，341-352。  new window
10.Wiley, C. G. E.、Shaw, S. M.、Havitz, M. E.(2000)。Men's and women's involvement in sports: An examination of the gendered aspects of leisure involvement。Leisure Sciences，22(1)，19-31。  new window
11.張凱翔(2008)。臺灣棒球運動的發展與回顧。臺中教育大學體育學系系刊，3，130-136。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Bryan, Hobson(1977)。Leisure value systems and recreational specialization: The case of trout fishermen。Journal of Leisure Research，9(3)，174-187。  new window
13.Kim, S. S.、Scott, D.、Crompton, J. L.(1997)。An exploration of the relationships among social psychological involvement, behavioral involvement, commitment, and future intentions in the context of bird watching。Journal of Leisure Research，29(3)，320-341。  new window
14.Wellman, J. Douglas、Roggenbuck, J. W.、Smith, A. C.(1982)。Recreation Specialization and Norms of Depreciative Behavior Among Canoeists。Journal of Leisure Research，14(4)，323-340。  new window
15.Havitz, Mark E.、Mannell, Roger C.(2005)。Enduring Involvement, Situational Involvement, and Flow in Leisure and Non-leisure Activities。Journal of Leisure Research，37(2)，152-177。  new window
16.McIntyre, Norman、Pigram, John J.(1992)。Recreation specialization reexamined: The case of vehicle-based campers。Leisure Sciences，14(1)，3-15。  new window
17.Cialdini, Robert B.、Borden, Richard J.、Thorne, Avril、Walker, Marcus Randall、Freeman, Stephen、Sloan, Lloyd Reynolds(1976)。Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，34(3)，366-375。  new window
18.Rothschild, Michael L.(1984)。Perspectives on involvement: Current problems and future directions。Advances in Consumer Research，11(1)，216-217。  new window
19.Baron, Reuben M.、Kenny, David A.(1986)。The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，51(6)，1173-1182。  new window
20.Lascu, D.、Giese, T.、Toolan, C.、Mercer, J.、Guehring, B.(1995)。Sport involvement: A relevant individual difference factor in spectator sports。Sports Marketing Quarterly，4(4)，41-46。  new window
會議論文
1.Gau, L. S.(2011)。Extend the self-sport relationship in participation to spectatorship and fan identification.9-11。  new window
2.Gau, L. S.(2011)。How self-sport relationships in basketball participation mediate spectator demographic influences on watching basketball games。Sport Marketing Association IV Conference。Houston, Texas。25-28。  new window
研究報告
1.張笠雲、廖培珊(2008)。台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫：第五期第三次調查計畫執行報告。臺北：中央研究院社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.陳冠中(2008)。太極拳心流體驗量表編製(碩士論文)。國立嘉義大學，嘉義縣。  延伸查詢new window
2.郭同堯(2009)。籃球運動專業化與籃球比赛觀賞動機及觀賞行為(碩士論文)。亞洲大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.鄭俊賓(2011)。國中生特定運動涉入及認同形成對運動參與和觀賞意願的影響(碩士論文)。亞洲大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.Kim, A. R.(2003)。Development and validation of instruments for assessing sport spectator involvement and factors affecting sport spectator involvement.(-)。University of New Mexico。  new window
5.王志源(2008)。體驗行銷要素、體驗價值與涉入程度對中華職棒觀眾再購意願之影響(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.楊哲維(2005)。表演藝術節目觀賞者休閒涉入與流暢經驗之研究(碩士論文)。南台科技大學。  延伸查詢new window
7.Gau, L. S.(2007)。Examining the values associated with spectator sports and the relationships between the values and sport spectator behavior(博士論文)。Florida State University，Tallahassee, Florida。  new window
圖書
1.Bammel, G.、Burrus-Bammel, L. L.(1996)。Leisure and human behavior。Madison：Brown and Benchmark。  new window
2.Maslow, A. H.(1970)。Religions, values, andpeak-experiences。New York：The Viking Press。  new window
3.Jackson, S. A.、Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly(1999)。Flow in Sports。Human Kinetics。  new window
其他
1.Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly(1992)。Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York, NY:。  new window
圖書論文
1.Little, B. R.(1976)。Specialization and the varieties of environmental experience: Empirical studies within the personality paradigm。Experiencing the environment。New York：Plenum Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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