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題名:跨越官僚的專業線:網路力量與救災行動
書刊名:思與言
作者:張維安 引用關係李宗義李士傑
作者(外文):Chang, Wei-anLee, Tsung-yiLee, Eric Ilya
出版日期:2013
卷期:51:1
頁次:頁55-101
主題關鍵詞:災難網路技術典範移轉WEB 2.0Disaster 2.0Disaster reliefBureaucracyWeb applicationSocial mediaCrowdsourcing公共參與微網誌訊息傳遞群眾外包集體智慧社群網站網路社會南亞海嘯海地地震SahanaUshahidi
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:51
  • 點閱點閱:148
本文從九二一地震以來國際社會所發生的天災,觀察社會在「災難回應行為」中,如何透過網路工具結合實地參與、協同合作,進行傳統上被稱為救災的行動。我們的目的在於觀察「技術典範的轉移」與行動者面對災難所採取作為的共同演化關係(co-evolution),並且由下而上提出了新的行動可能,進而在傳統救災主要施行者(政府)所確立的災難回應模式之外重新定義了新的模式與改變方向。網路社會擺脫了傳統官僚體系的國家資源唯一動員機制,提供底層的民眾以人際網絡各自適切的溝通媒介,透過接駁的方式將受災的第一手資訊傳播出來;同時也讓大型災難所喚起的「志願參與者與科技社群」(V&TCs)得以藉由自我組織的方式交換訊息、調配資源與積聚力量。傳統災難回應當中很難被聽見聲音的受災者與志願參與者,在新的模式中擁有較為清晰的行為與型態浮現。災難回應的新技術典範,以即時性、互動性與自發性傳播與擴散連結的方式將大量的資料呈現出來,既帶來了新的契機、同時也呈現出「傳統角色」在歷史轉變中的侷限性。
The emergence of the disaster relief through new web applications has challenged the traditional bureaucracy model but how it evolves has not been well examined in Taiwan. This article reviews the development of emergency responding behaviors in the first decade of the 21st century. The authors argue that although the ideas of web 2.0 has proven useful in the process of disaster management under different disaster context, the bureaucracy has no ideas how to integrate these applications into the traditional relief actions because of the bureaucratic inertia. As we can see in 2004 Tsunami and 2010 Haiti Earthquake, the emergence of the volunteers & technological communities (V&TCs) has tried to fill this gap between the bureaucracy and the new web application and bring new possibilities in disaster relief effort.
期刊論文
1.Mills, A.、Chen, R.、Lee, J.、Rao, H. R.(2009)。Web 2.0 emergency applications: How useful can Twitter be for emergency response?。Journal of Information Privacy and Security,5(3),3-26。  new window
2.Schellong, A. R. M.(2008)。Government 2.0: An explanatory study of social networking services in Japanese local government. Transforming Government。Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy,2(4),225-242。  new window
3.Chen, Liang-Chun、Liu, Yi-Chung、Chang, Kuei-Chi(2006)。Integrated Community-Based Disaster Management Program in Taiwan: A Case Study of Shang-An Village。Natural Hazards,37(1/2),209-223。  new window
4.Comfort, Louise K.、Thomas W. Haase(2006)。Communication, Coherence, and Collective Action: The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Communications Infrastructure。Public Works Management & Policy,11,1-16。  new window
5.Comfort, Louise K.,、Daniel Mosse、Taieb Znati(2009)。Managing Risk in Real Time: Integrating Information Technology into Disaster Risk Reduction and Response。Commonwealth: A Journal of Political Science,15(4),27-45。  new window
6.Neal, David M.、Brenda D. Phillips(1995)。Effective Emergency Management: Reconsidering the Bureaucratic Approach。Disasters,19(4),327-337。  new window
7.Patterson, Olivia,、Frederick Weil,、Kavita Patel.(2010)。The Role of Community in Disaster Response: Conceptual Models。Population Research and Policy Review,29,127-141。  new window
8.Schneider, Saundra K.(1992)。Government response to disasters: the conflict between bureaucratic procedures and emergent norms。Public Administration Review,52(2),135-145。  new window
9.知識通訊評論(2010)。海地地震的真相。知識通訊評論,88。  延伸查詢new window
10.施邦築(2007)。臺灣災後防救體系之發展與現況。災後防救電子報,19,1-5。  延伸查詢new window
11.國家災害防救中心科技資訊組(2011)。資訊科技運用於東日本大地震之初步探討。災後防救電子報,70,1-7。  延伸查詢new window
12.O'Reilly, Tim(2007)。What is Web 2.0: Design patterns and business models for the next generation of software。Communications & Strategies,65(1),17-37。  new window
13.唐雲明(20100300)。各國災害緊急通訊機制之探討。危機管理學刊,7(1),1-14。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.湯京平、蔡允棟、黃紀(20020600)。災難與政治--九二一地震中的集體行為與災變情境的治理。政治科學論叢,16,137-161。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Zook, Matthew、Graham, Mark、Shelton, Taylor、Gorman, Sean(2010)。Volunteered Geographic Information and Crowdsourcing Disaster Relief: A Case Study of the Haitian Earthquake。World Medical and Health Policy,2(2),7-33。  new window
16.楊永年(20090900)。八八水災救災體系之研究。公共行政學報,32,143-169。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Howe, Jeff(2006)。The rise of crowdsourcing。Wired magazine,14(6),1-4。  new window
會議論文
1.張維安、胡嘉志、陳仲偉(2011)。網際網路與災難復原:以921震災為例。第四屆資訊科技與社會轉型研討會。臺北:中央研究院社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.熊光華、吳秀光(2010)。臺灣災害防救體系之變革分析。2010年兩岸公共治理論壇--『公共行政、災害防救與危機管理』,臺北大學公共行政暨政策學系、臺北大學公共行政暨政策學系災難管理研究中心、臺灣大學社會科學院、大陸研究中心 。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.Silva, Chamindra de Silva.(20100730)。Evolution of the Sahana System, Community and Standards。Tapei。  new window
研究報告
1.Heinzelman, J.、and Waters, C.(2010)。Crowdsourcing crisis information in disaster-affected Haiti。Washington, DC:United States Institute of Peace。  new window
學位論文
1.孫家福(2011)。探討E政府防救災平台功能與角色--以八八水災為個案(碩士論文)。淡江大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Weinberger, David(2003)。Small Pieces Loosely Joined。Cambridge:Perseus Publishing。  new window
2.Perrow, Charles(1984)。Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies。New York, NY:Basic Books。  new window
3.Weber, Steven(2004)。The Success of Open Source。  new window
其他
1.UNISDR(2010)。Disasters in Number, from United Nation's Office for Disaster Risk Reduction 2011,http://unisdr.org/preventionweb/files/17613_rectoversodisasters2010.pdf., 2012/05/17。  new window
2.Grubner, Bill(2008)。Emergency Communications Systems: 5 Do's and 5 Don'ts,http://www.technewsworld.com/rsstory/65179.html., 2011/11/13。  new window
3.Hopkins, Curt(2011)。NYT Crowdsources the Review of 24,000 Palin Emails.,http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/nyt_crowdsources_the_review_of_palin_emails.php., 2011/11/13。  new window
4.Kessler, Sarah(2011)。Iceland Crowdsources Its Constitution,http://mashable.com/2011/06/13/iceland-crowdsource-constitution/., 2011/11/13。  new window
5.OCHA(2006)。UNDAC Handbook,http://ochanet.unocha.org/p/Documents/UNDAC%20Handbook-dec2006.pdf., 2011/05/25。  new window
6.United Nations Foundation(2011)。Disaster Relief 2.0: The Future of Information Sharing in Humanitarian Emergencies,http://www.unfoundation.org/assets/pdf/disaster-relief-20-report.pdf., 2011/05/25。  new window
7.Wikipedia.(2004)。Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami,http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami&oldid=460485721, 2011/11/13。  new window
8.Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths,http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/most_destructive.php., 2012/06/08。  new window
9.開拓文教基金會。開放空間的會議技巧,http://www.frontier.org.tw/ost/, 2013/01/18。  延伸查詢new window
10.黃紹麟(1999)。地震來了,網路能做什麼?,http://www.digitalwall.com/scripts/display.asp?UID=20, 2011/05/25。  延伸查詢new window
11.中央災害應變中心,http://eoc.nfa.gov.tw/eoc/index.aspx?ID=23, 2013/01/18。  new window
12.Ushahidi,http://ushahidi.com/about-us, 2013/01/18。  new window
13.U.S. Department of Homeland Security(2008)。National Response Framework,http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-core.pdf, 2011/05/25。  new window
 
 
 
 
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