規律性健身運動不但可以增進身體健康與減少疾病的發生率，並且對如認知等心理健康方面亦有正面影響。然而相對於慢性健身運動，研究顯示急性健身運動在認知表現的效果較小，歸咎其因可能為過去研究在實驗設計的差異所致。為進一步釐清該些在設計上的限制，本回顧研究欲聚焦於有氧健身運動、執行功能及認知作業的施測時間點等三個主題。具體而言，本文著重於執行功能的定義、執行功能的測量、急性有氧健身運動對執行功能在不同施測時間點之研究，以及對後續研究方向與建議等部分作陳述，期望提供未來研究者在此議題上的研究參考。綜合上述，本研究回顧發現，急性健身運動對認知功能有其正面效益，而研究已提出暫時性次額葉假說與覺醒假說此兩觀點來闡述該關係的理論基礎，然而在執行功能效益的結果上仍呈分歧；此外當以施測時間點而言，目前以神經心理測驗為主軸的延續效應仍有爭議，因此後續研究對於這些議題的探究應作進一步的釐清。

Regular exercise not only improves physical health and reduces the incidence rate of diseases, but also brings positive benefits to mental health, such as improved cognition. However, as opposed to chronic exercise, research has found that acute exercise has a lower positive magnitude of results on cognition, which might be due to a variety of experimental designs. In order to distinguish the limitation effects of designs, the purpose of this manuscript will focus on aerobic exercise, executive function, and assessing time points of cognition procedure. Specifically, this review of research focuses on the definition of executive function, the measurement of executive function, and the effect of acute aerobic exercise on executive function while assessing different points in time. In summary, the review indicates that acute aerobic exercise has positive benefits on cognitive performance. In addition, both the transient hypofrontality hypothesis and the arousal hypothesis have been proposed as the foundational theories underlying the relationships. However, there is still not consensus on the benefits to executive function; furthermore, regarding assessing the time points, controversial results still exist. These issues should be examined as future research proceeds.