國小孩童的福祉衡量指標初探：一群10歲兒童的主觀經驗分析_

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題名：	國小孩童的福祉衡量指標初探：一群10歲兒童的主觀經驗分析
書刊名：	社會政策與社會工作學刊
作者：	鄭清霞／呂朝賢
作者(外文)：	Cheng, Ching-hsia／Leu, Chao-hsien
出版日期：	2013
卷期：	17:1
頁次：	頁131-173
主題關鍵詞：	兒童福祉；攝影；兒童觀點；Child wellbeing；Photographs；Children's perspectives
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:5 共同引用:0 點閱:182

研究源起與目的：經濟發展指標無法全然反映福祉概念，必須有其他指標存在。1989年聯合國兒童權利公約明訂兒童應該受到基本權益保障，本研究選取兒童作為研究對象。建構福祉指數，需在衡量對象、福祉面向、度量方法等項目上做選擇。兒童福祉的概念與定義相當多面向且複雜。文獻上多是透過成人定義而非兒童自身的觀點。本研究主要目的在呈現由兒童自身經驗與觀點出發的兒童福祉樣貌。本研究採取探索性研究，選取10歲左右兒童，6位以拍照、畫圖、敘述等方式呈現其所認為的兒童福祉，亦即能夠使其快樂、提升生活滿意度的事項。另一組3位兒童則對這些照片與圖畫進行分類並建構分類之間的關係。主要研究結果：1.蒐集340個照片或卡片，區分為39個類目、15個構面。2.「促進便利的生活用品」、「食物」、「興趣、休閒、娛樂」是構成兒童福祉的主要構面。3.兒童觀點的兒童福祉異於成人觀點的兒童福祉。4.越具體、接觸機會多的事物，學童較容易建立事物與自我幸福感間的關係。5.構成兒童福祉之元素間具有階序性差別、重要性差別、影響力差別等三項特徵。6.本研究結果呈現兒童自身觀點的兒童福祉，研究結果將可做為未來相似研究、相關社會福利政策與措施規劃的參考。

以文找文

The indexes of economic growth (GNP and GDP per capita) cannot reflect totally the substantial well-being of people, and the alternative indexes are necessitated. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was adopted by the United Nations in 1989 which epitomized the centrality of wellbeing in the lives of children. Our understanding of children's wellbeing are usually constructed by adults, rather than expressed directly by children's own perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to understand children's well-being from where they stand, starts from involving children as participants and is driven by their experiences and opinions. Children aged 10 years took photographs and drew pictures representing wellbeing, defined as ”feeling good, being happy, and able to live your life to the full.” Another panel of 3 children grouped the photographs and pictures into categories, then organizing these categories, schematizing the pattern of relationships among these categories and constructing model of well-being. Our main Findings are summaried as follows (1) A total of 340 photographs and cards were collected. 39 categories and 15 components have been constructed. (2) Daily facilities, food and amusement are major components of children's well-being. (3) Children's well-being from children's perspectives and understandings are distinct from adults'. (4) When their life experiences get richer and more concrete, children can percept more easily the connection between life experiences and the conception of self wellbeing. (5)The components which constructed children's wel1-being are Distinction of importance, sequence and influence.6.The findings in this paper show that how and what children express and construct their own perspectives on wellbeing. The research outcomes will be the suggestions for the future relevant researches and social welfare policy designs.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Backett-Milburn, K.、L. McKie(1999)。A Critical Appraisal of the Draw and WriteTechnique。Health Education Research，14(3)，387-398。
2.	Ben-Arieh, A.(2008)。Indicators and Indices of Children's Well-Being: Towards a More Policy-Oriented Perspective。European Journal of Education，43(1)，37-50。
3.	Ben-Arieh, A.、I. Frønes(2007)。Indicators of Children's Well Being: What Should be Measured and Why?。Social Indicators Research，84(3)，249-250。
4.	Bradshaw, J.、Hoelscher, P.、Richardson, D.(2007)。An index of Child Well-Being in the European Union。Social Indicators Research，80(1)，133-177。
5.	Camfield, L.、N. Streuli、M. Woodhead(2009)。What' s the Use of “Well-Being" in Contexts of Child Poverty? Approaches to Research, Monitoring and Children's Participation。International Journal of Children 's Rights，17(1)，65-109。
6.	Erbstein, N.、Cassie Hartzog、Estella M. Geraghty(2012)。Putting Youth on the Map: A Pilot Instrument for Assessing Youth Well-Being。Child Indicators Research，6(2)，257-280。
7.	Fattore, Toby、Mason, Jan、Watson, Elizabeth(2007)。Children's Conceptualisation(s) of Their Well-Being。Social Indicators Research，80(1)，5-29。
8.	Harden, J.、Scott, S.、Backett-Milburn, K.、Jackson, S.(2000)。Can't Talk, Won't Talk?: Methodological Issues in Researching Children。Sociological Research Online，5(2)。
9.	Jones, N.、A. Sumner(2009)。Does Mixed Methods Research Matter to Understanding Childhood Well-Being。Social lndicators Research，90(1)，33-50。
10.	Lau, M.、J. Bradshaw(2010)。Child Well-Being in the Pacific Rim。Child Indicators Research，3(3)，367-383。
11.	Mahoney, J.(2000)。Path Dependency in Historical Sociology。Theory and Society，29(4)，527-28。
12.	Moore, K. A.、C. Theokas、L. Lippman、M. Bloch、S. Vandivere、W. O' Hare(2008)。A Microdata Child Well-Being Index: Conceptualization, Creation, and Findings。Child Indicators Research，1(1)，17-50。
13.	Moore, K. A.、S. Vandivere、L. Lippman、C. McPhee、M. Bloch(2007)。An Index of the Condition of Children: the Ideal and a Less-than-Ideal U.S. Example。Social Indicators Research，84(3)，291-33。
14.	Nic Gabhainn, S.、J. Sixsmith(2006)。Children Photographing Wellbeing: Facilitating Participation in Research。Children & Society，20(4)，249-259。
15.	Pollard, E. L.、P. D. -Lee(2003)。Child Well-Being: A Systematic Review of the Literature。Social Indicators Research，61(1)，59-78。
16.	Ringen, S.(1995)。Well-Being, Measurement, and Preferences。Acta Sociologica，38(1)，3-15。
17.	Seedhouse, D.(1995)。Well-Being: Health Promotion's Red Herring。Health Promotion International，10(1)，61-67。
18.	Sixsmith, J.、S. Nic Gabhainn、C. Fleming(2007)。Childrens', Parents' and Teachers' Perceptions of Child Wellbeing。Health Education，107(6)，511-523。
19.	White , S. C.(2010)。Analysing Wellbeing: A Framework for Development Practice。Development in Practice，20(2)，158-172。
20.	Zikmund, v.(2003)。the Quality of Life: Some Psychosomatic Reflections。Neuroendocrinology Letters，24(6)，401-403。

會議論文
1.	Trewin, D.(2006)。An Alternative Framework for Measuring WellBeing。the Forum for Asia/Pacific Statisticians. Daejeon, Republic of Korea。
2.	White, S. C.(2008)。But What is Wellbeing? A Framework for Analysis in Social and Development Policy and Practice。the Conference ‘Regeneration and Wellbeing: Research into Practice。Bradford：University of Bradford。

研究報告
1.	內政部兒童局(2011)。九十九年台間地區兒童及少年生活狀況調查報告：兒童報告書。臺中。延伸查詢
2.	White, S. C.(2009)。Bringing Wellbeing into Development Practice。Bath：University of Bath, Wellbeing in Developing Countries Research Group。

圖書
1.	白玉玲、王雅貞(2006)。兒童發展。臺北：雙葉。延伸查詢
2.	林美珍(2004)。兒童認知發展:概念與應用。臺北：心理。延伸查詢
3.	莊祿嬰、默瑞湯瑪斯、汪欲仙(1998)。兒童發展心理學。臺北：三民。延伸查詢
4.	Chapple, S.、D. Richardson(2009)。Doing Better for Children。Paris：OECD Publishing。
5.	Diener, E.、R. E. Lucas、U. Schimmack、J. F. Helliwell(2009)。Defining Well-Being。Well-Being for Public Policy。New York：Oxford University Press。
6.	Gasper, D.(2007)。Human Well-Being: Concepts and Conceptualizations。Human Well-Being; Concept and measurement。London：Palgrave Macmillan。
7.	Hanafin, S. A. M. Brooks、National Children's Office (Ireland)(2005)。Report on the Development of a National Set of child Well-being lndicators in lreland。Dublin：Stationery Office。
8.	Keenaghan, C.、J. Kilroe(2008)。A Study on the Quality of Life Tool KIDSCREEN for Children and Adolescents in Ireland Results of the KIDSCREEN National Survey 2005。Dublin：Office of the Minister for Children。
9.	Lippman, L. H.、K. A. Moore、H. McIntosh(2009)。Positive Indicators of Child Well-Being: A Conceptual Framework, Measures and Methodologicallssues(No. 2009-21)。Florence：UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre。
10.	McGregor, J. A.(2007)。Researching Wellbeing: from Concepts to Methodology。Wellbeing in Developing Countries: From Theory to Research。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
11.	Nevill, C.(2009)。Feelings Count: Measuring Children 's Subjective Wellbeing for Charities and Funders。London：New Philanthropy Capital。
12.	Nic Gabhainn, S.、J. Sixsmith(2005)。Children 's Understandings of Well-Being。Dublin：Centre for Health Promotion Studies and The National Children's Office。
13.	NSW Commission for Children and Young People(2007)。Ask the Children: Overview of Children's Understandings of Well-Being。New South Wales：NSW Commission for Children and Young People。
14.	Osberg, L.(1985)。The Measurement on Economic Well-Being。Approaches to Economic Well-Being。Toronto：University of Toronto Press。
15.	Thomas, J.(2009)。Current Measures and the Challenges of Measuring Children 's Wellbeing。Newport：ONS。
16.	United Nations Children's Fund(2007)。Child Poverty in Perspective: An Overνiew of Child Well-Being in Rich Countries。Florence, Italy：United Nations Children's Fund。
17.	李丹、劉金花、張欣戊(1989)。兒童發展。台北：五南。延伸查詢
18.	Ragin, Charles C.(1987)。The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies。University of California Press。

其他
1.	內政部兒童局(2008)。我國兒童人權報告書，http://www.cbi.e:ov.tw/CBI_2/intemet/mainlindex.aspx。延伸查詢
2.	時報資訊(2010)。DE BEERS 5 克拉以上大鑽銷售，臺灣去年仍蟬聯全球第一，http://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news_content/url/d/a/100408/3/1yvh3.htm1。延伸查詢
3.	Clark, D.，M. McGillivray(2007)。Measuring Human Well-Being: Key Findings and Policy Lessons，http://www.wider.Unu.edu/publications/policy-briefs/en GB/unupb3-2007D。
4.	European Statistics(2010)。Eurostat Feasibility Study on Well-Being Indicator，htto://eoo.eurostat.ec.eurooa.eu/oortalloage/oortal/gdp_and_bevond/achievements。
5.	Kennan, D.，C. Keenaghan，U. O'Connor，L. Kinlen，J. McCord(2011)。A Rights-Based Approach to Monitoring Children and Young People 's Well-Being，http://www.childandfamilvresearch.ie/sites/www.childandfamilyresearch.ie/files/2011_10_24_full_report.pdf。
6.	Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(2009)。Doing Better for Children，www.oecd.org/els/social/childwellbeing。
7.	Royo, M. G.，J. Velazco(2005)。Exploring the Relationship between Happiness, Objective and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Rural Thailand，www.welldev.org.uk/spapresentations/guillen-velazco.pdf。

圖書論文
1.	White, S. C.、Pettit, J.(2004)。Participatory Methods and the Measurement of Well-Being。Participatory Learning and Action 50: Critical Reflections, Future Directions。London：International Institute for Environment and Development。
2.	Berg-Schlosser, Dirk、De Meur, G.、Rihoux, B.、Ragin, C. C.(2009)。Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) as An Approach。Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques。Sage。

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