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題名:
Yin and Yang: A Symmetry of Dualism between Contrasting Locales in The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream
書刊名:
小說與戲劇
作者:
應芳瑜
作者(外文):
In, Fan-yu
出版日期:
2013
卷期:
23:1
頁次:
頁65-99
主題關鍵詞:
Yin and Yang
;
Dualism
;
Contrasting scenes
;
Symmetry
;
Patriarchalism and forbidden desires
;
陰陽
;
二元論
;
對比場景
;
對稱
;
父權主義與父權社會無法容許的慾望
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:48
《威尼斯商人》和《仲夏夜之夢》曾經被視為問題喜劇,其問題或許可以從陰陽的觀點來分析。兩劇的問題主要源於二元對立,女兒的自主與父母的干預、女性壓抑與主流父系文化的對立、以及男性為主的法律與女性慾望的解放。這類的二元對立常常被討論,這或許會與這兩部喜劇當中與陰陽概念相關的對比場景有關連。從陰陽二元論來推論,這些對比場景包含光明與黑暗、日景與夜景、男性化的場景與女性化的場景、陽光普照的場景與月光照拂的場景。兩劇之中的男性領域可由《仲夏夜之夢》的國王特修斯位於雅典的法庭和《威尼斯商人》的威尼斯城來代表,這兩個場所展現出井然有序且墨守成規的社會。反之,《威尼斯商人》的貝爾蒙以較為女性化的氛圍來裝點,與貝爾蒙相似,《仲夏夜之夢》的樹林場景和仲夏夜之夢的場景也都是柔和的夜景。兩劇的日景引出父權社會當中,男性透過法律來控制女性的事實。然而,夜景則是提供了一處世外桃源,讓想像力恣意發揮,女性慾望獲得成全之所。陰陽概念以平衡性及對稱性著稱,兩劇當中有數對二元場景亦有此特徵。這類呈現陰陽概念的二元場景應該不是巧合,而是一種文學上的巧妙安排,讓日景裡的主流父權主義與夜景裡的父權社會無法容許的慾望達到某種平衡點,這種平衡有些類似陰與陽之異中求同且同中生異的衝突對稱美。
以文找文
As problem comedies, A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1600)1 and The Merchant of Venice (1600)2 may be analyzed from the perspective of Yin and Yang. Both plays’ problems might originate from pairs of opposites, such as daughter’s free will and parental interference, female oppression and mainstream patriarchal culture, and masculine-oriented rules and female emancipation. These commonly discussed opposites can be associated with the contrasting scenes that have certain inferential links with the yin-yang concept in both plays. Derived from the yin-yang dualism, the contrasting scenes or loci are light and dark, day and night, masculine and feminine, sunlit and moonlit settings. Male sphere in both comedies can be exemplified by Theseus’s court in Dream and Venice in Merchant that embody orderly and legalistic societies. By contrast, Belmont in Merchant is glamorized with rather feminine atmospheres; like Belmont, the wood and midsummer night’s dream in Dream are set in soft nighttime scenes. The daytime scenes of both comedies bring out the fact of men’s control over women by law in a patriarchal society. The nighttime scenes provide loci for boundless imagination and the fulfillment of female desires. The yin-yang dualism is noted for its balance and symmetry, so are the pairs of the contrastive scenes in both plays. These binary scenes that epitomize the yin-yang concept should not be a coincidence; instead, they should be acknowledged as a device that balance the mainstream patriarchalism in daytime scenes and the desires forbidden by patriarchal societies in nighttime scenes; this balance is like a cohesive and conflicting relation between a dark Yin and a bright Yang in a symmetrical array.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Brown, Jane K.(1987)。Discordia Concors on the Order of A Midsummer Night's Dream。Modern Language Quarterly,48(1),20-41。
2.
Hale, David G.(2004)。'Her Indian Boy': Postcolonial Criticism and Performance on Film and Television. Shakespeare in Southern Africa。Journal of the Shakespeare Society of Southern Africa,16,53-57。
3.
Hamill, Monica J.(1978)。Poetry, Law, and the Pursuit of Perfection: Portia's Role in The Merchant of Venice。SEL: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900,18(2),229-243。
4.
Haslem, Lori S.(1994)。'O Me, the Word Choose!': Female Voice and Catechetical Ritual in The Two Gentlemen of Verona and The Merchant of Venice。Shakespeare Studies,22,122-140。
5.
Richmond, Hugh M.(1985)。Shaping a Dream。Shakespeare Studies,17,49-60。
圖書
1.
Aydelotte, Frank(1967)。Elizabethan Rogues and Vagabonds。Frank Cass。
2.
Bate, Jonathan、Rasmussen, Eric(2007)。The RSC Shakespeare: William Shakespeare Complete Works。Houndmills:Macmillan。
3.
Bloom, Harold(1996)。William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream: Bloom's Notes。Broomall:Chelsea House。
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Brooke, Nicholas(1968)。Shakespeare's Early Tragedies。London:Methuen。
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Christ, Henry I.(2002)。Shakespeare for the Modern Reader: A User-Friendly Introduction。Lincoln:iUniverse。
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Dutton, Richard、Howard, Jean E.(2003)。A Companion to Shakespeare's Works。Oxford:MA Blackwell。
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Espinosa, Ruben(2011)。Masculinity and Marian Efficacy in Shakespeare's England。Surrey:Ashgate。
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Freud, Sigmund、Strachey, James(1952)。On Dream。New York:Norton。
9.
Freud, Sigmund、Oppenheim, D. E.(1958)。Dreams in Folklore。New York:International UP。
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Frith, Katherine T.、Mueller, Barbara(2003)。Advertising and Societies: Global Issues。New York:Peter Lang。
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Haley, David G.(1993)。Shakespeare's Courtly Mirror: Reflexivity and Prudence in All's Well That Ends Well。Cranbury:Associated UP。
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Hudson, Nicholas(2008)。The 'Vexed Question': Shakespeare and the Nature of Middle- Class Appropriation。Shakespeare and the Eighteenth Century。Hampshire:Ashgate。
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Jardine, Lisa(1996)。Reading Shakespeare Historically。London:Routledge。
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Jensen, Ejner J.(1991)。Shakespeare and the Ends of Comedy。Bloomington:Indiana UP。
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Keene, Laura(1859)。Shakespeare's Play of A Midsummer Night's Dream -- Arranged for Representation at Laura Keene's Theatre: With Historical and Explanatory Notes, Collected from Various Authorities。New York:O. A. Roorbach, Jun'r。
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Lachmann, Richard(2000)。Capitalists in Spite of Themselves: Elite Conflict and Economic Transitions in Early Modern Europe。New York:Oxford University Press。
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Machacek, David W.、Wilcox, Melissa M.(2003)。Sexuality and the World's Religions。Santa Barbara:ABC-Clio。
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Marinkovic-Penney, Dusica(2005)。Analysis of Female Characters in William Shakespeare's Comedy "A Midsummer Night's Dream"。Norderstedt:Grin。
19.
Milton, Joyce(1985)。William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice。New York:Barron's。
20.
Person, Ethel S.(2003)。The Creative Role of Fantasy in Adaptation。Imagination and Its Pathologies。Cambridge:MIT。
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Phillips, James、Morley, Jameseds(2003)。Imagination and Its Pathologies。Cambridge:MIT。
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Prioreschi, Plinio(1999)。A History of Medicine。Omaha:Horatius P。
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Rollyson, Carl E.(2005)。Notable Playwrights。Pasadena:Salem。
24.
Rosen, Roma(1962)。Melville's Uses of Shakespeare's Plays。Chicago:Northwestern。
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Rübsamen, Silja(2006)。Structure and Chaos: Binary Pairs in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream。Norderstedt:Grin。
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Sabor, Peter、Yachinin, Paul(2008)。Shakespeare and the Eighteenth Century。Hampshire:Ashgate。
27.
Shakespeare, William、Bevington, David M.、Kastan, David S.(2005)。Four Comedies: The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The。New York:Bantam Dell。
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Shuger, Debora K.(1994)。The Renaissance Bible: Scholarship, Sacrifice, and Subjectivity。Berkeley:University of California Press。
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Sprague, Tiffany(2006)。Master Drawings from the Yale University Art Gallery。New Haven:Yale UP。
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Stampino, Maria G.(2005)。Byzantium Conquered: A Heroic Poem。Chicago:U of Chicago P。
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Sullivan, Garrete A.(2003)。Shakespeare's Comic Geographies。A Companion to Shakespeare's Works: Volume 3: The Comedies。Oxford:MA Blackwell。
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Wali, M. Ismail(2011)。A Midsummer Night's Dream: Shakespeare's Syzygy of Meaning。Pittsburgh:RoseDog。
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Yao, Xinzbong(2003)。Harmony of Yin and Yang: Cosmology and Sexuality in Daoism。Sexuality and the World's Religions。Santa Barbara:ABC-Clio。
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Youngs, Frederic A.(1976)。The Proclamations of the Tudor Queens。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
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Ingram, Martin(1990)。Church Courts, Sex and Marriage in England, 1570-1640。Cambridge:Cambridge UP。
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Parrott, Thomas M.(1962)。Shakespearean Comedy。New York:Russell & Russell。
其他
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Charles I(2008)。A Proclamation to Restraine the King's Subjects from Departing out of the Realm without License,Society of Antiquaries。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2008/01/28。
2.
Elizabeth I(2009)。A Proclamation: Although Her Maiestie Hath Had so Good Proofe of Gods Singular Goodness, in the Continual Preseruation of Her from His First Setting of Her in the Crowne,Bodleian Library。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2009/01/29。
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Elizabeth I(2009)。A Proclamation for the Ordering of the Exchange of Money Vsed by Merchants, According to the Lawes and Statutes of the Realme,Bodleian Library。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2009/01/27。
4.
Elizabeth I(2009)。A Proclamation to Charge All Persons that Haue Gotten any Maner Goods into Their Possession, Which Haue Beene Taken on the Seas this Last Yeere, and Haue not Bene Customed, to Restore the Same vpon Paine to Bee Punished as Felons and Pirates,Bodleian Library。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2009/01/27。
5.
Elizabeth I(2008)。By the Queen: Whereas in the Chart of the Lotterie Lately Erected, amongst Other Things Deuised for the Aduantage of the Aduenturers,Bodleian Library。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2008/01/24。
6.
Elizabeth I(2008)。By the Queen: Whereas the Queenes Maiestie, aswell for the Commoditie of Her Realm, as for the Benefite of Sundrie of Her Subiects, Hath Heretofore Ordeined a Lotterie Generall to be Erected in Her Citie of London,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2008/01/24。
7.
Elizabeth I(2008)。By the Queen: Whereas the Queenes Most Excellent Maiestie by Her Highnesse Proclamation in Nouember Last, Did Appoint and Limit the Reading of the Lotterie within Her Citie of London,Bodleian Library。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2008/01/24。
8.
James I(2009)。A Proclamation Inhibiting the Importation of Pepper from Forraine Parts, by Any Other Persons then Those of the East Indian Company,Folger Shakespeare Library。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2009/02/01。
9.
James I(2008)。A Proclamation Touching Passengers,Huntington Library and Art Gallery。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2008/01/28。
10.
Elizabeth I(2009)。A Proclamation to Represse All Piracies and Depredations Vpon the Seas,Bodleian Library。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2009/01/27。
11.
Elizabeth I(2008)。A Proclamation against Sundry Abuses Practised by Diuers Lewd and Audacious Persons Falsely Naming Themselves Messagers of Her Maiesties Chamber, Trauelling from Place to Place with Writings Counterfeited in Forme of Warrants as Also Against Another,Bodleian Library。,http://eebo.chadwyck.com/, 2008/01/26。
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