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題名:Sino-Tibetan Negation and the Case of Galo: Explaining a Distributional Oddity in Diachronic Terms
書刊名:語言暨語言學
作者:Post, Mark W.
出版日期:2015
卷期:16:3
頁次:頁431-464
主題關鍵詞:否定藏緬語達尼語迦龍語歷史語言學Galo languageHistorical linguisticsNegationTani languagesTibeto-burman languages
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:5
  • 點閱點閱:11
絕大部分漢藏語言(或跨喜馬拉雅語言)的謂語中心詞都帶前置否定標記,然而, 在漢藏語言中,也有一小部分語言的謂語中心詞只帶後置否定標記,達尼語便是其中之 一。這種否定標記具有某種特殊的性質——既與派生變化相似,又與屈折變化相似,在 謂語主體中處於派生變化和屈折變化的「中間」地帶。通過對以情態助詞結尾的連動結 構形成的單個謂詞的再分析,本文認為早期前置的情態否定標記由於在謂語主體中位置 左移、重新排列而形成了謂語後綴,並且提出對上述兩種現象的普適性解釋。這與在有 些藏緬語,譬如,庫基–欽語和那加語中發現的另一種變化途徑有著相似性,在這些語言 中,否定前綴與句尾情態助詞融合而形成了後綴。然而,筆者認為上述現象在本質上有 些許的不同。本文提供了比 Post (2007) 文關於迦龍語(一種藏緬語族達尼支語言, 位於東喜馬拉雅)否定結構更為詳盡、綜合的描寫,基於此,筆者得出上述論斷。因 此,本文的另一目標在於豐富亞洲語言否定結構的類型學特徵。
While the vast majority of Sino-Tibetan (=Trans-Himalayan) languages have a pre-head predicate negator, Tani is one of a small handful of subgroups whose languages display an exclusively post-head negator. This negator, furthermore, is somewhat unusual in having both derivation-like and inflection-like properties, and in occupying an ‘intermediate’ position between derivations and inflections in the predicate stem. This article proposes a common explanation for both facts, by hypothesizing that reanalysis of an AUX-final serial verb construction as a single predicate word has resulted in realignment of an earlier pre-head auxiliary negator as a predicate suffix with leftward scope over the predicate stem. This is similar to another channel found in some Tibeto-Burman languages in which a prefixal negator fuses with a clause-final auxiliary to become a suffix (as in Kuki-Chin and ‘Naga’); however, I argue it to be ultimately somewhat different. These arguments are made on the basis of a more comprehensive description of negation in Galo (Tibeto-Burman > Tani, Eastern Himalaya) than was provided in Post (2007); as such, a second goal of the paper is to contribute to the typology of negation in Asian languages more generally.
期刊論文
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8.Post, Mark W.、Modi, Yankee(2011)。Language contact and the genetic position of Milang (Eastern Himalaya)。Anthropological Linguistics,53(3),215-258。  new window
會議論文
1.DeLancey, Scott(2014)。The origins of postverbal negation in Kuki-Chin。8th International Conference of the North East Indian Linguistics Society,(會議日期: January 31-February 2, 2014)。Guwahati:Gauhati University。  new window
2.Post, Mark W.(2011)。Nominalization-based constructions in Tibeto-Burman languages: typology and evolution。Association for Linguistic Typology 9th Biennial Conference,(會議日期: July 21-24, 2011)。Hong Kong:University of Hong Kong。  new window
3.Post, Mark W.、Blench, Roger(2011)。Siangic: a new language phylum in North East India。6th International Conference of the North East Indian Linguistics Society,(會議日期: January 31-February 2, 2011)。Tezpur:Tezpur University。  new window
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