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題名:早期的孔祥熙:一位基督徒的教會歷練與公共參與(1890~1922)
書刊名:國史館館刊
作者:陳能治 引用關係
作者(外文):Chen, Neng-chih
出版日期:2016
卷期:48
頁次:頁1-3+5-51
主題關鍵詞:孔祥熙中國基督教會在華差會本色化中華基督教青年會山西銘賢學校Kong XiangxiChristian church in ChinaIndigenization of Christian missions in ChinaYoung Men's Christian Association of ChinaOberlin Shansi Memorial Schools
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19世紀末,出身山西太谷票號家族的孔祥熙,受教於美部會所辦教會學校,青年時期以宏揚基督信仰為念。1900年親歷拳變,其後由華北公理會安排赴美留學,先後就讀於歐柏林學院及耶魯大學。學成後,受聘於歐柏林學院學生志願宣教團,返回太谷成立山西銘賢學校。1910年代初期,孔祥熙以歐柏林山西代表、銘賢校長及太谷基督教會長執事等身分,參與太谷教會事務,促進教會與太谷官府及士紳的關係。辛亥革命期間,協助太谷商會綏靖地方,保護銘賢學校與教會產業。1910-1920年代初期, 孔氏廣泛參與晉省與全國性的教會組織,如1913年接受中華基督教青年會借調前往東京擔任幹事,在日期間與宋靄齡結婚,返國後協助推動中華續行委辦會相關會務。1920-1921年參與華洋義賑會賑濟活動等,接觸許多中外政商與外交人士。這些經由教會組織的服事,不僅讓孔氏擴展公共參與領域,也累積相當的社會資本,有助於其日後在企業與政治生涯的發展。孔祥熙早期的職涯奮進,如同20世紀初期中國多數地方型留美基督徒菁英分子,多與其基督徒身分有關。他們因此能在中國變遷環境中一展長才,並符合時代需求。然而此時西方在華差會的本色化領導、孔氏個人對教會的忠誠,以及其善用機緣的人格特質,亦為其成功之要因。
Kong Xiangxi, a descendant of a banker family in Taigu, Shanxi, China, was locally educated in missionary schools established by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) in the late 19^(th) Century. Even in his school life, he showed himself to have had a deep interest in evangelistic work. After having experienced tumultuous chaos in the period of the Boxer Rebellion, he was sent by North China Mission of ABCFM to the United States. He obtained a BA from Oberlin College in 1906 and an MA from Yale University in 1907. Returning to China with the appointment by Oberlin Student Volunteer Band as a representative at Shansi Mission, he restored an old boarding school in Taigu that he subsequently developed into Oberlin Shansi Memorial Schools (Ming-Hsien Schools). With the multiple roles as the representative of Oberlin-in-Shansi, the head of Ming- Hsien Schools, the vice-president of Taiku Church Council, Kong actively participated in various services of Christian organizations and at the same time cultivated a friendly relationship between the church and local governments and gentry. He also assisted in easing the upheavals of the 1911 Revolution and protected the properties of Ming-Hsien Schools and Taiku Church from mobs and bandits. During the period from 1910s to early 1920s, Kong was involved in various church matters at provincial, national and international levels, such as serving as a secretary in the Tokyo Branch of the Chinese YMCA in 1913, where he met and married Song Ailing (Eling Soong), and as an executive representative of China Continuation Committee in 1919, as well as being a member of the China International Famine Relief Commission from 1920 to 1921. These services gave him good opportunities to be acquainted with both the Chinese and Western politicians, diplomats and entrepreneurs. In other words, Kong's services through churches had broadened his public roles and helped him to accumulate his social capital, which would have later benefited his further career in politics and enterprises. Kong's successful career in his early life, like most of the American-educated Chinese Christians in the early 20th Century, had much to do with his Christian status. These Christians were able to demonstrate their talents in changing times. Other factors, such as the indigenization of the leadership of Western mission in China, and Kong's Christian faith and his tactfulness in personal contact, had also contributed in one way or another to his success in business and politics.
期刊論文
1.(18991205)。Gee Gam, the Minister Tendered a Reception。San Francisco Call,87(5)。  new window
2.黃文德(20041200)。華洋義賑會與國際社會的互動關係(1921-1938)。近代中國,158/159,23-42。  延伸查詢new window
3.周谷(19851200)。孔祥熙費起鶴赴美求學被拒入境經過。傳記文學,47(6)=283,72-79。  延伸查詢new window
4.林美莉(20101200)。檔案中的孔祥熙:以胡佛檔案館的新近公開資料為例。國史館館訊,5,33-73。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.李運英(2011)。孔祥熙私辦山西裕華銀行始末。金融經濟,2011(1)。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.孫廣勇(2006)。社會變遷中的中國教育會研究(博士論文)。華中師範大學,武昌。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.趙曉陽(2008)。基督教青年會在中國:本土和現代的探索。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Bieler, Stacey(2004)。“Patriots” or “Traitors”? A History of American-Educated Chinese Students。NY:M. E. Sharpe。  new window
3.李茂盛(1992)。孔祥熙傳。北京:中國廣播電視出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.Carlson, Ellsworth C.(2001)。The Oberlin Band: The Christian Mission in Shanxi, 1882-1900。Oberlin, Ohio:Oberlin Shansi Memorial Assocation。  new window
5.Garrett, Shirley S.(1970)。Social Reformers in Urban China: The Chinese Y.M.C.A., 1895-1926。Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press。  new window
6.Nathan, Andrew J.(1965)。A History of the China International Famine Relief Commission。Cambridge, MA:East Asian Research Center, Harvard University。  new window
7.王成勉(2006)。教會、文化與國家--對基督教史研究的思想與案例。臺北:宇宙光出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Rawlinson, Frank(1920)。The Chinese Recorder, 1920。Shanghai:Presbyterian Mission Press。  new window
9.Rawlinson, Frank(1915)。The Chinese Recorder, 1915。Shanghai:Presbyterian Mission Press。  new window
10.Wright, Henry Burt(1908)。A life With a Purpose: A Memorial of John Lawrence Thurston, First Missionary of the Yale Mission。New York:Chicago:Toronto:London:Edinburg:Fleming H. Revel Company。  new window
11.The China Continuation Committee(1916)。The China Mission Year Book, 1916。Shanghai:Christian Literature Society for China。  new window
12.Shansi Mission of the ABCFM(1907)。Annual Report of the Shansi Mission of the ABCFM, 1907。Tungchou:North China Union College Press。  new window
13.Shansi District North China Mission of The American Board。The Christian Movement in Greatvale: An Abridged Report of the Work of the Taikushein Station 1913-1914。Shansi District North China Mission of American Board。  new window
14.Oberlin College(1907)。The Hi-o-Hi, 1907。Oberlin, Ohio:Oberlin College。  new window
15.Miner, Luella(1903)。Two Heroes of Cathay: An Autobiography and a Sketch。Fleming H. Revell Company。  new window
16.MacGillivray, D.(1910)。The China Mission Year Book: Being "The Christian Movement in China" 1910。Shanghai:Christian Literature Society for China。  new window
17.Liu, Kwang-ching(1966)。American Missionaries in China Papers From Harvard Seminars。Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press。  new window
18.Hinman, Susan Fidelité(1958)。Ming Hsien, Memorial to Heroes of Three Nations: Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association Fiftieth Anniversary。New York。  new window
19.Corbin, Paul L.(1911)。Ten Years After: A Sketch of the Reconstruction of The Shansi Mission Since 1900 and the Annual Reports for 1911。Shanghai:Methodist Publishing House。  new window
20.Austin, Denice A.(2011)。"Kingdom-Minded" People: Christian Identity and Contributions of Chinese Business Christians。Leiden, The Netherlands:Koninklijke Brill NV。  new window
21.羅元旭(2014)。東成西就--七個華人基督教家族與中國交流百年。北京:三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
22.蔣中正(1991)。孔祥熙傳記資料。臺北:天一出版社。  延伸查詢new window
23.劉振東(1972)。孔庸之(祥熙)演講集。臺北:文海出版社。  延伸查詢new window
24.劉家峰(2005)。離異與融會:中國基督徒與本色教會的興起。上海:上海人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
25.趙榮達(1992)。孔祥熙評述。太原:山西高校聯合出版社。  延伸查詢new window
26.(1970)。孔祥熙傳。香港:現代出版社。  延伸查詢new window
27.陳廷一(1998)。孔祥熙大傳。青島:青島出版社。  延伸查詢new window
28.張雲開、陳智衡(2015)。變局下的西潮--基督教與中國的現代性。香港:建道神學院。  延伸查詢new window
29.張志偉(2010)。基督化與世俗化的掙扎--上海基督教青年會研究。臺北:臺大出版中心。  延伸查詢new window
30.孟天禎(2000)。孔祥熙前傳。上海:上海書店。  延伸查詢new window
31.邢軍、趙曉陽(2006)。革命之火的洗禮:美國社會福音和中國基督教青年會,1919-1937。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
32.沈國儀(1996)。孔祥熙傳。臺北:國際村出版社。  延伸查詢new window
33.左芙蓉(2005)。社會福音、社會服務與社會改造:北京基督教青年會歷史研究,1906-1949。北京:宗教文化。  延伸查詢new window
34.古僧(1979)。孔祥熙與中國財政。臺北:博學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
35.王學仁(1924)。山西太谷公理會四十年史。太谷:山西太谷基督教眾議會。  延伸查詢new window
36.王松(2006)。孔祥熙傳。武漢:湖北人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
37.中華續行委辦會調查特委會、蔡詠春(1987)。中國基督教調查資料,1901-1920。北京:中國社會科學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
38.中華續行委辦會(1983)。中華基督教會年鑑第六冊(1921)。臺北:中國教會研究中心:橄欖文化基金會。  延伸查詢new window
39.中華續行委辦會(1983)。中華基督教會年鑑第四冊(1917)。臺北:中國教會研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
40.中華續行委辦會(1983)。中華基督教會年鑑第三冊(1916)。臺北:中國教會研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
41.中華續行委辦會(1983)。中華基督教會年鑑第二冊(1915)。臺北:中國教會研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
42.West, Philip(1976)。Yenching University and Sino-Western Relations, 1916-1952。Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press。  new window
43.Latourette, Kenneth Scott(1929)。A History of Christian Missions in China。London:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge。  new window
44.Gillin, Donald G.(1967)。Warlord: Yen Hsi-Shan in Shansi Province, 1911-1949。Princeton, N. J.:Princeton University Press。  new window
45.郭榮生(1980)。孔祥熙先生年譜。台北。  延伸查詢new window
46.查時傑(1994)。民國基督教史論文集。台北:宇宙光出版社。  延伸查詢new window
47.郭廷以(1979)。中華民國史事日誌。中央研究院近代史研究所。  延伸查詢new window
48.Neils, Patricia(1990)。United States Attitudes and Policies Toward China: The Impact of American Missionaries。M.E. Sharpe。  new window
49.黃文德(2004)。非政府組織與國際合作在中國:華洋義賑會之研究。秀威資訊科技股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.American Board Commissioners for Foreign Mission(1907)。The One Hundredth Anniversary of the Haystack Prayer Meeting: Celebrated at the Ninety-seven Annual Meeting of the American Board in North Adams And by Williamstown, Mass. October 9-11, 1906,Massachusetts, Boston:ABCFM。  new window
2.U.S. State Department(1902)。Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, with the Annual Message of the President Transmitted to Congress, December 3, 1901,Washington:U.S. Government Printing Office。  new window
3.費起鵬、孔祥熙抵美取保登岸案,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
4.Subgroup I. Oberlin China Band,Oberlin Ohio。  new window
5.Subgroup II. Administrative Records,Oberlin Ohio。  new window
6.Subgroup III. Program Areas,Oberlin Ohio。  new window
7.Fairfield, Wynn C.。More Enduring Than Bronze: The First Half-century of the Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association。  new window
圖書論文
1.吳昶興(2005)。周聯華的唯愛觀與本色神學。離異與融合:中國基督徒與本色教會的興起。上海:上海人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Wang, Y. C.(1966)。The Kuomintang Finance: T. V. Soong and H. H. Kung。Chinese Intellectuals and the West。Taipei:Rainbow Bridge Book Co.。  new window
3.Paterno, Roberto(1966)。Devello Z. Sheffield and the Founding of the North China Colleges。American Missionaries in China Papers From Harvard Seminars。Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press。  new window
4.Golkin, Arline T.(1990)。American Missionaries and the Politics of Famine Relief。United States Attitudes and Policies Toward China: The Impact of American Missionaries。Armonk, New York:M. E. Sharpe, Inc.。  new window
5.Knee, Stuart E.(2013)。The King-Crane Commission of 1919: The Articulation of Political Anti-Zionism。American Zionism: Missions and Politics: American Jewish History。New York, NY:Routledge。  new window
6.劉家峰(2005)。從差會到教會:誠靜怡的本色教會思想解析。離異與融會:中國基督徒與本色教會的興起。上海:上海人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.劉法成(1933)。庚子前太谷基督教會回憶。太谷基督教會五十週年紀念刊。太谷:太谷基督教會社交堂。  延伸查詢new window
8.查時傑(2013)。同負一軛--中國近代基督教家族的婚姻網絡初探。法流十道--近代中國基督教區域史研究。香港:建道神學院。  延伸查詢new window
9.李幹忱(1983)。1922年基督教全國大會。中華基督教會年鑑(1921)。臺北:中國教會研究中心:橄欖文化基金會。  延伸查詢new window
10.李金強(2013)。基督徒商人--呂明才(1888-1956)父子及其貢獻。法流十道--近代中國基督教區域史研究。香港:建道神學院。  延伸查詢new window
11.吳梓明(2005)。解讀韋卓民博士之《讓基督教會在中國土地上生根》。離異與融會:中國基督徒與本色教會的興起。上海:上海人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.吳梓明(2015)。中華聖公會家族史研究芻議。變局下的西潮--基督教與中國的現代性。香港:建道神學院。  延伸查詢new window
13.朱峰(2005)。基督教與近代中國民族主義的形成--一個華人基督徒人際網絡的考察。離異與融會:中國基督徒與本色教會的興起。上海:上海人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
14.全紹武(1922)。中華歸主運動。中華基督教年鑑(1922)。上海:廣學會。  延伸查詢new window
15.王成勉(2006)。基督教合作運動之困境--「中華全國基督教協進會」之研究。教會、文化與國家--對基督教史研究的思想與案例。臺北:宇宙光。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.王成勉(2005)。余日章政教觀之研究。離異與融會:中國基督徒與本色教會的興起。上海:上海人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
17.王成勉(2006)。中華基督教青年會初期發展之研究。教會、文化與國家--對基督教史研究的思想與案例。臺北:宇宙光。  延伸查詢new window
18.五十週年史料編輯股(1933)。庚子年前全體教友歡送衛祿義師娘返美之祝辭及教友名單。山西太谷基督教會五十週年紀念刊。太谷:基督教會社交堂。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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