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題名：Color Polysemy: Black and White in Taiwanese Languages
書刊名：Taiwan Journal of Linguistics
作者：賴惠玲／鍾曉芳 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lai, Huei-ling／Chung, Siaw-fong
出版日期：2018
卷期：16:1
頁次：頁95-130
主題關鍵詞：Color polysemy；Lexicalization；Metaphor；Metonymy；顏色詞多義性；詞彙化；隱喻；轉喻；語意延伸
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本論文運用多樣語料來源探討顏色詞「黑/烏」與「白」用法在臺灣華語、臺灣客語以及臺灣閩南語中語意特徵及文化意涵。分析顯示「黑/烏」與「白」主要擔任定語修飾其共現的名詞，因此表示顏色之字面義也佔最多；延伸義與其與搭配詞詞彙化的程度呈現對應，詞彙化越深，語意越隱誨。隱喻延伸義鑲嵌于文化脈絡中，「黑/烏」表現負面與「白」表現正面之言外之意，在三個語言當中普遍地存在；然有些隱喻延伸義也表現跨文化或次文化之變異。此外，臺灣華語發展出最多的隱喻延伸，臺灣閩南語次之，而臺灣客語最少，此結果意涵臺灣語言顏色詞用法的蓬勃發展可能跟該語言的族群文化之孤立或偏僻程度有關，越孤立偏僻受外界影響越少，相對語言用法發展也越保守
This study profiles the polysemous nature of black and white expressions in Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hakka, and Taiwanese Southern Min. The literal meanings for both black and white are the most dominant whereby black and white serve attributive functions modifying their collocating head nouns. The opaqueness of the meaning of the expression correlates with the degree of lexicalization. Some usages are compositional with the combinations metonymically projecting to the whole expressions. Some usages are metaphorically extended, leading to versatile nuances in meaning. These extensions give rise to different connotations and inter-cultural and intra-cultural variations. In addition, the analysis reveals that Taiwanese Mandarin has developed the most prolific usages of black and white expressions, followed by Taiwanese Southern Min, and Taiwanese Hakka
期刊論文
1.Kay, Paul(1975)。Synchronic variability and diachronic change in basic color terms。Language in Society，4(3)，257-270。  new window
2.Chui, Kawai、Lai, Huei-ling(20081200)。The NCCU Corpus of Spoken Chinese: Mandarin, Hakka, and Southern Min。Taiwan Journal of Linguistics，6(2)，119-144。new window  new window
3.Kövecses, Zoltán、Radden, Günter(1998)。Metonymy: Developing a Cognitive Linguistic View。Cognitive Linguistics，9(1)，37-78。  new window
4.Kay, Paul、McDaniel, Chad K.(1978)。The linguistic significance of the meanings of basic color terms。Language，54(3)，610-646。  new window
5.Li, Zong-cheng、Bai, Hao-ran(2013)。Conceptual metaphors of "black" and "white": A corpus-based comparative study between English and Chinese。Journal of Anhui Agricultural University，2013(4)，92-97。  new window
6.彭衍綸(19971200)。白賊七故事在臺灣的演變。國立中央圖書館臺灣分館館刊，4(2)，82-97。  延伸查詢new window
7.Wu, Jianshe(2011)。The evolution of basic color terms in Chinese。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，39(1)，76-122。  new window
8.Wierzbicka, Anna(1990)。The meaning of color terms: Semantics, culture and cognition。Cognitive Linguistics，1(1)，99-150。  new window
9.Zeng, Chi-Hsiung(2002)。To analyze the literal meanings of five fundamental colors as well as its relation with Ying Yang Five Elements。Journal of Science and Technology，11(2)，121-135。  new window
會議論文
1.鄭縈(2002)。The semantic transfer of color terms。The First Cognitive Linguistics Conference Language and Cognition。Graduate Institute of Linguistics National Chengchi University。321-343。  new window
2.Huang, Chu-Ren、Chen, Keh-jiann、Chang, Li-ping、Hsu, Hui-li(1995)。An introduction to Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus。Computational Linguistics Conference，81-99。  new window
3.McDaniel, Chad K.(1974)。Basic color terms: Their neurophysiological basis。Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association，(會議日期: November 1974)。Mexico City。  new window
4.Mohammad, Saif(2011)。Colourful language: Measuring word-colour associations。The ACL 2011 Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics，(會議日期: June 2011)。Portland。97-106。  new window
學位論文
1.Philip, Gillian S.(2003)。Collocation and Connotation: A Corpus-Based Investigation of Colour Words in English and Italian(博士論文)。University of Birmingham。  new window
2.鄭縈(1991)。漢語基本顏色詞的結構與變遷(碩士論文)。國立清華大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Berlin, Brent、Kay, Paul(1969)。Basic Color Terms。University of California Press。  new window
2.Lakoff, George、Turner, Mark(1989)。More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor。Chicago, Illinois：University of Chicago Press。  new window
3.Kövecses, Zoltán(2005)。Metaphor in culture: Universality and variation。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.亦玄(1988)。新編臺語溯源。台北：時報文化出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Wierzbicka, Anna(1996)。Semantics: Primes and universals。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
6.Lakoff, George(1987)。Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind。Chicago, IL：Chicago University Press。  new window
7.Kövecses, Zoltán(2002)。Metaphor: A Practical Introduction。Oxford University Press。  new window
8.王育德(1957)。臺灣語常用語彙。Tokyo：Eiwa Gogakushag。  延伸查詢new window
9.臺灣教育部(2008)。臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案。Taipei：National Central Library。  延伸查詢new window
10.李榮武(2007)。逗陣學臺語--臺灣文化東山再起。Taichung：Wenxing Press。  延伸查詢new window
11.胡萬川(2004)。臺南縣閩南語諺語集。Tainan：Department of Cultural Affairs of Tainan County Government。  延伸查詢new window
12.胡萬川(2003)。桃園市閩南語諺語謎語。Taoyuan：Department of Cultural Affairs of Taoyuan County Government。  延伸查詢new window
13.Goddard, Cliff(1998)。Semantic Analysis: A Practical Introduction。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
14.Enfield, Nicholas J.(2003)。Linguistic Epidemiology: Semantics and Grammar of Language Contact in Mainland Southern Asia。London：Routledge Curzon。  new window
15.Philip, Gillian S.(2011)。Colouring Meaning: Collocation and Connotation in Figurative Language。John Benjamins。  new window
16.Wardhaugh, Ronald(2001)。An Introduction to Sociolinguistics。Blackwell。  new window
17.Ungerer, Friedrich、Schmid, Hans-Jörg(2006)。An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics。Pearson Education Limited。  new window
18.方南強(2005)。臺灣話ㄟ智慧。Taipei：Kaixin Press。  延伸查詢new window
19.塗春景(1992)。聽算無窮漢--有趣的客話俚諺1500則。Taipei：National Central Library。  延伸查詢new window
20.何石松(1991)。客諺一百首。Taipei：Wunan Press。  延伸查詢new window
21.Wyler, Siegfried(1992)。Colour and Language: Colour Terms in English。Tübingen：Gunter Narr Verlag。  new window
22.Lakoff, George、Johnson, Mark(1980)。Metaphors We Live by。University of Chicago Press。  new window
23.Brinton, Laurel J.、Traugott, Elizabeth Closs(2005)。Lexicalization and Language Change。Cambridge University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Traugott, Elizabeth C.(2011)。Pragmatics and Language Change。The Cambridge Handbook of Pragmatics。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Lucy, John A.(1997)。The linguistics of "color"。Color Categories in Thought and Language。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Lakoff, George(1993)。Contemporary theory of metaphor。Metaphor and Thought。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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