本文分析澳洲原住民土地權利與礦業開發的複雜議題，以了解澳洲原住民爭取土地權利的歷史。基本上，澳洲原住民與礦業公司之間的協議未侷限在保護文化遺址或文化遺產，彼此的協議也涵蓋礦產開發時的環境管理，以及確認原住民在土地上的利益等事宜。儘管澳洲標榜Fair Go（公平對待）與多元的民主國家，但原住民權益議題上，依舊是一個爭議的焦點，這也顯示澳洲政府對於原住民轉型正義的努力仍有所不足。

This article analyzes aboriginal land rights and mining development and describes the history of aboriginal people's struggle for land rights in Australia. Basically, the agreement between aborigines and mining companies is not limited to the protection of cultural sites or cultural heritage. The agreement also covers the environmental management of mineral development and the recognition of the interests of aboriginal people on the land. Although Australia flaunts Fair Go and diversified democracies, the issue of aboriginal rights remains a controversial issue. This shows that the Australia government is still lacking in the efforts of aboriginal peoples to transitional justice.