目的：近年來，健保財務緊縮、醫療政策不穩定、競爭壓力及醫療人力成本高漲等情況下，醫療機構面臨經營上的困境，紛紛尋求醫療知識外包。因此，本研究以高度知識密集之醫療產業為主體，利用推拉模式探討影響醫療知識外包的因素與形式。方法：本研究採質性方法，對八名專家，包含四名醫院經營管理者與四名不同科別且具外包經驗之醫師，進行深度訪談。採紮根理論進行資料分析。結果：發現影響醫療知識外包的推力因素為人力缺乏，拉力因素為成本、經營效率、全人照護，障礙因素為不符成本效益、品質。結論：本研究建議醫療業者在現行法規下思考知識外包的內容與形式，政策制定者呼應市場需求，擬訂因應醫療人力短缺之對策，將醫療機構業務外包作業指引等法規予以適度鬆綁，以達市場需求與人力雙贏的目標。

Objectives: Of late, hospitals are facing financial difficulties, health policy instability, competitive pressure, and high labor costs. While confronting operational challenges, hospitals have been attempting to solve these issues through medical knowledge outsourcing. This study explored the influencing factors and potential types of medical knowledge outsourcing using push and pull theory. Methods: The study followed a qualitative approach. Four hospital managers and four physicians with outsourcing experience were interviewed. Grounded theory was used for data analyses. Results: A push factor of medical knowledge outsourcing is a lack of personnel, while pull factors are costs, management efficiency, and holistic care. Obstacles are lack of cost effectiveness and quality. Conclusions: Hospital management should be concerned about the content and form of medical knowledge outsourcing in terms of current regulations. Policy-makers may respond to market demand and consider the deregulation of medical knowledge outsourcing and countermeasures to solve issues related to medical personnel shortages. Governments, the health care industry, and academia should consider these concerns.