圖書| 1. | Sellin, Thorsten(1938)。Culture Conflict and Crime。New York：Social Science Research Council。   |
| 2. | Merton, Robert K.(1957)。Social Theory and Social Structure。New York：Free Press。 |
| 3. | Cloward, Richard A.、Ohlin, Lloyd E.(1960)。Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs。The Free Press。 |
| 4. | Sutherland, Edwin H.(1947)。Principles of Criminology。Philadelphia：Lippincott。 |
| 5. | FBI。Uniform Crime Report。 |
| 6. | Clinard, Marshall B.(1961)。Sociology of Deviant Behavior。New York：Holt, Rinehart and Winston。 |
| 7. | Torgerson, Warren S.(1963)。Theory and methods of scaling。New York：John Wiley。 |
| 8. | Wolfgang, Marvin E.、Figlio, Robert M.、Sellin, Thorsten(1972)。Delinquency in a Birth Cohort。University of Chicago Press。 |
| 9. | Becker, Howard S.(1963)。Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance。Free Press。 |