從認知心理學的角度看教科書之編訂__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	從認知心理學的角度看教科書之編訂
書刊名：	教育學報
作者：	霍秉坤／黃顯華
作者(外文)：	Fok, Pink-kwan／Wong, Hin-wah
出版日期：	1995
卷期：	23:2
頁次：	頁27-49
主題關鍵詞：	認知心理學；教科書；編訂
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:1 點閱:39

本文嘗試從認知，心理學的角度整理出一套較完整的架構以分析教科書的設計。本文首先強調教科書之重要性，說明改善教科書之編訂有助學生學習，亦列舉教科書出現缺失的例子；最後，以Glynn（1986）之模式為本，探討編訂教科書時應考慮之要素。影響學生學習教科書的設計要素包括課文的編寫、教材組織要素、圖表設計和印刷式樣等。本文只是一次初步的嘗試，有待更多的研究和探討。

以文找文

In this article, a comprehensive framework from the cognitive psychological perspective in the understanding of the design of the textbooks is worked out. Firstly, the importance of textbooks in teaching and learning is discussed. Secondly, studies which confirm the contribution of the improvement of textbook to student learning, and examples of the weaknesses of the textbooks are reviewed. Finally, elements which should be considered in editing of a textbook are discussed. Elements affecting the learning of students are the text, the organization, the illustrations, and the typographical structure of text. The analysis is nonetheless preliminary and further research and discussions are needed.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	馮以浤、陳建英(1984)。香港高中教科書的質素：教師的評價。香港中文大學教育學報，12(2)，24-30。延伸查詢
2.	Dean, R. S.、Enemoh, P. A. C.(1983)。Pictorial organization in prose learning。Contemporary Educational Psychology，8，20-27。
3.	Glynn, S. M.、Andre, T.、Britton, B. K.、Bruce, K.(1986)。The design of instructional text: Introduction to the special issue。Educational Psychologist，2(4)，245-251。
4.	Hartley, J.(1986)。Planning the Typographical Structure of Instructional Text。Educational Psychologist，21(4)，315-332。
5.	Hershberger, W. A.、Teny, D. F.(1965)。Typographical cueing in conventional and programmed texts。Journal of Applied Psychology，49，55-60。
6.	Katz, E.、Brent, S.(1968)。Understanding connections。Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior，1，501-509。
7.	Kintsch, W.、Keenan, J. M.(1973)。Reading rate as a function of the number of proposition in the base structure of sentences。Cognitive Psychology，5，257-274。
8.	Koran, M. L.、Koran, J. J.(1980)。Interaction of learner characteristic with pictorial adjuncts in learning from science text。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，17，477-483。
9.	Miller, J. R.、Kintsch, W.(1980)。Readability and recall of short prose passages: A theoretical analysis。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory，6，335-354。
10.	Pearson, P. D.(1974)。The effects of grammatical complexity on children's comprehension,recall, and conception of certain semantic relations。Reading Research Quarterly，10，155-192。
11.	Poulton, E. C.、Brown, C. H.(1968)。Rate of comprehension of an existing teleprinter output and of possible alternatives。Applied Psychology，52，16-21。
12.	Proger, B. B.、Carter, C. E.、Mann, L.、Taylor, R. G.、Bayuk, R. J.、Morris, V. R.、Reckless, D. E.(1973)。Advance and concurrent organizers for detailed & verbal passages used with elementary school pupils。The Journal of Educational Research，66(10)，451-456。
13.	Tajika, H.、Taniguchi, A.、Yamamoto, K.、Mayer, R. E.(1988)。Effects of pictorial advance organizers on passage retention。Contemporary Educational Psychology，13，133-139。
14.	Rusted, Jennifer、Coltheart, Veronika(1979)。The effect of pictures on the retention of novel words and prose passages。Journal of Experimental Child Psychology，28(3)，516-524。
15.	Gall, M .D .(1970)。The use of questions in teaching。Review of Educational Research，40，707-720。
16.	Meyer, Brandt J. F.、Brandt, D. M.、Bluth, G. J.(1980)。Use of top-level structure in text: key for reading comprehension of ninth-grade students。Reading Research Quarterly，16(1)，72-103。
17.	Loman, N. L.、Mayer, R. E.(1983)。Signaling techniques that increase the understandability of expository prose。Journal of Educational Psychology，75(3)，402-412。
18.	Mayer, R. E.(1989)。Models for understanding。Review of Educational Research，59(1)，43-64。
19.	Hamaker, Christiaan(1986)。The Effects of Adjunct Questions on Prose Learning。Review of Educational Research，56(2)，212-242。
20.	Mayer, R. E.(1984)。Aids to text comprehension。Educational Psychologist，19，30-42。
21.	Andre, T.(1979)。Does answering higher-level questions while reading facilitate productive learning?。Review of Educational Research，49(2)，280-318。
22.	Hamilton, R. J.(1985)。A framework for the evaluation of the effectiveness of adjunct questions and objectives。Review of Educational Research，55(1)，47-85。
23.	Reder, Lynne M.、Anderson, John R.(1980)。A Comparison of Texts and Their Summaries: Memorial Consequences。Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior，19(2)，121-134。
24.	Levie, W. H.、Lentz, R.(1982)。Effect of text illustrations: A review of research。Educational Communication and Technology Journal，30，195-232。
25.	傅武嫦(19950400)。談隔空教學書面教材中插圖之運用。教學科技與媒體，20，42-50。延伸查詢
26.	Marshall, Nancy、Glock, Marvin D.(1978)。Comprehension of Connected Discourse: A Study into the Relationships between the Structure of Text and Information Recalled。Reading Research Quarterly，14(1)，10-56。
27.	Kintsch, W.、Kozminsky, E.、Streby, W. J.、McKoon, G.、Keenan, J. M.(1975)。Comprehension and recall of text as a function of content variables。Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior，14，196-214。
28.	Ausubel, D. P.、Fitzgerald, D.(1961)。The role of discriminability in meaningful verbal learning and retention。Journal of Educational Psychology，52(5)，243-249。
29.	Ausubel, D. P.(1960)。The use of advance organizers in the learning and retention of meaningful material。Journal of Educational Psychology，51(5)，267-272。
30.	Kintsch, W.、Van Dijk, T. A.(1978)。Toward a model of text comprehension and production。Psychological Review，85(5)，363-394。

會議論文
1.	Meyer, B. J. F.(1979)。Organizational patterns in prose and their use in reading。28th Yearbook of the National Reading Conference。Clemson, SC：National Reading Conference。

圖書
1.	Kaufmann, W.(1978)。One book/five ways: The publishing procedures of five university presses。Los Altos, CA：Kaufmann。
2.	Tinker, M. A.(1965)。Bases for effective reading。Minneapolis, MN：University of Minnesota Press。
3.	Tyson-Berstem, H.(1988)。A conspiracy of good intentions: American's text-book fiasco。Washington, DC：Council for Basic Education。
4.	Watts, L.、Nisbet, J.(1974)。Legibility in children fs books。London：National Foundation for Educational Research。
5.	Meyers, B. J. F.(1975)。The organization of prose and its effects on memory。New York, NY：American Elsevier。
6.	Hartley, J.(1994)。Designing instructional text East。Brunswick, New Jersey：Nicholas Publishing。
7.	Halliday, Michael A. K.、Hasan, Ruqaiya(1976)。Cohesion in English。Longman。
8.	Glover, J. A.、Bruning, R. H.(1980)。Educational Psychology: Principles and Application。Scott, Foresman and Company。
9.	Pettersson, R.(1989)。Visuals for Information: Research and Practice。Engelwood Cliffs, NJ：Educational Technology Publications。
10.	Gagné, R. M.(1974)。Essentials of learning for instruction。The Dryden Press。
11.	Mayer, R. E.(1987)。Educational Psychology: A cognitive approach。Little, Brown and Company。
12.	van Dijk, Teun Adrianus、Kintsch, Walter(1983)。Strategies of discourse comprehension。Academic Press。
13.	皮連生、邵瑞珍(1989)。教育心理學。五南。延伸查詢

圖書論文
1.	Evans, M. A.、Watson, C.、Willows, D. M.(1987)。A maturalistic inquiry into illustration in instruction textbooks。The psychology of illustration: Vol. 2. Basic research。New York：Springer-Verlag。
2.	Hartley, J.(1987)。Typography and executive control processes in reading。Executive control processes in reading。NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
3.	Mayer, R. E.(1987)。Instructional variables that influence cognitive processes during reading。Executive control processes in reading。NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
4.	Meyer, B. J. F.(1980)。Basic research on prose comprehension: A critical review。Comprehension and the competent reader: Interspaciality perspectives。New York：Praeger。
5.	Britton, B. K.、Gulgoz, S.、Glynn, S. M.(1993)。Impact of good and poor writing on learners: Research and theory。Learning from textbooks: Theory and practice。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
6.	Winn, W.(1993)。Perception principles。Instructional message design: Principles from the behavioral and cognitive sciences。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Educational Technology。
7.	Levie, W. H.(1987)。Research on pictures: A guide to the literature。The Psychology of Illustration: Basic Research。New York：Springer-Velag。
8.	Roth, K. J.(1991)。Reading science texts for conceptual change。Science learning: Processes and applications。Newark, DE：International Reading Association。
9.	Anderson, R. C.、Biddle, W. B.(1975)。On Asking People Questions about What They are Reading。The psychology of learning and motivation。New York：Academic Press。
10.	Bogert, Q. J.(1989)。Design visuals to complement the message。About Visuals: Research, teaching and applications。Blacksburg, VA：International Visual Literacy Association。
11.	Dwyer, F. M.、Dwyer, C. A.(1989)。Enhancing visualized instruction: a research overview。About Visuals: Research, teaching and applications。Blacksburg, VA：International Visual Literacy Association。
12.	Levin, J. R.、Anglin, G. J.、Carney, R. N.(1987)。On empirically validation functions of pictures in prose。The Psychology of Illustration, Volume 1: Basic Research。New York：Srpinger-Verlag。
13.	Peeck, J.(1987)。The roles of illustrations in processing and remembering illustrated text。The Psychology of Illustration, Volume 1: Basic Research。New York：Springer-Verlag。
14.	Anderson, T. H.、Armbruster, B. B.(1984)。Content area textbooks。Learning to read in American schools: Basal readers and content texts。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。

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